Establishing the impact of Fusarium culmorum infection and fungicide treatment on wheat malt quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. e13714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Mastanjević ◽  
Valentina Španić ◽  
Daniela Horvat ◽  
Krešimir Mastanjević ◽  
Bojan Šarkanj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium culmorum mycotoxin transfer from wheat to malting and brewing products and by-products

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mastanjević ◽  
B. Šarkanj ◽  
K. Mastanjević ◽  
B. Šantek ◽  
V. Krstanović
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

The objectives of this study were to establish the impact of Fusarium culmorum infection and fungicide treatment on the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone in wheat, wheat malt and wort (beer). The concentrations of these compounds were also measured in the germ/rootlets, spent grains and spent yeast because these are the most important by-products and are further used as food or feed additives. Two wheat genotypes were obtained from the Agricultural Institute in Osijek, Croatia. The Osk.110/09 genotype, the genotype more susceptible to Fusarium infections, and Lucija, the genotype less susceptible to Fusarium, were analysed in this research. Each genotype was treated in four different ways at the field: (A) control, (B) treated with fungicide Prosaro® 250, (C) inoculated with F. culmorum spores and treated with fungicide Prosaro® 250, and (D) inoculated with F. culmorum spores. All samples were malted and brewed according to standard procedures, products and by-products were analysed for the mycotoxins by using LC-MS/MS. Since the majority of trichothecenes are polar molecules, the water after steeping was also analysed with LC-MS/MS. Mycotoxin concentrations were lower in malt samples treated with the fungicide. Elevated mycotoxin concentrations were observed in samples of both genotypes exposed to F. culmorum. Fungicide treatment was observed to suppress mycotoxin production and accumulation. However, samples with notably high mycotoxin concentrations, especially DON, retained elevated mycotoxin concentrations throughout the entire beer production process, even after a six-month storage period. DON proved to be the most frequently occurring mycotoxin in all of the by-products. The highest concentration of this compound was found in the steeping water from sample D (Osk.110/09), at 20,326 μg/l, leaving the spent grains of this sample with no detectable levels of DON.

scholarly journals The impact of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment on mycotoxin content in grain and yield losses caused by Fusarium head blight in wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
O. Veškrna ◽  
L. Bobková
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Reactions to artificial infection with Fusarium graminearum isolates and a new fungicide Swing Top were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars evaluated in field experiments at two sites for three years for expression of symptoms, deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain and grain yield. The results demonstrate a pronounced and relatively stable effect of cultivar resistance on reducing head blight, grain yield losses and contamination of grain by the mycotoxin DON. It is advantageous that the moderate level of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was detected also in two commonly grown Czech cultivars Sakura and Simila. Average fungicide efficacy for DON was 49.5% and 63.9% for a reduction in yield loss, however, it was found highly variable in different years and sites. The joint effect of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment was 86.5% for DON and even 95.4% for reducing the yield loss. A very high risk was documented for susceptible cultivars and also the effects of medium responsive cultivars were found to be highly variable in different environments and therefore not guaranteeing sufficient protection against FHB under different conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Fusarium culmorum Inoculation on the Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Wheat Flag Leaves

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Magdalena Matić ◽  
◽  
Rosemary Vuković ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić ◽  
Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

During cultivation, wheat is exposed to several abiotic and/or biotic stress conditions that may adversely impact the wheat yield and quality. The impact of abiotic stress caused by nitrogen deficiency and biotic stress caused by phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the flag leaf of nine winter wheat varieties (Ficko, U-1, Galloper, BC Mandica, BC Opsesija, Ingenio, Isengrain, Felix, and Bezostaya-1) was analyzed in this study. Hydrogen peroxide concentration and lipid peroxidation level were measured as indicators of oxidative stress, while the antioxidant response was determined by measuring the concentration of phenolic compounds and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Wheat variety and nitrogen treatment had a significant effect on all examined biomarkers of oxidative stress in the flag leaf, while the impact of Fusarium treatment was less pronounced. The most significant impact on the measured stress biomarkers had a low nitrogen level, which mainly increased hydrogen peroxide concentration and lipid peroxidation level and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes in most varieties. The obtained results were discussed and compared with the previous study in which biochemical analyzes were performed on the wheat spike. There was no significant strong correlation between flag leaf and spike response in the measured parameters, which, in addition to the variety-specific response, also indicates a tissue-specific antioxidant response.

scholarly journals Effect of fungicide treatment on Fusarium culmorum and Tri genes transcription in barley malt

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
J. Pavel ◽  
K. Vaculová ◽  
Z. Faltusová ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
I. Sedláčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Fungicide Treatment

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Isolation of Disease-Suppressive Bacteria and Characterization of a Distinctive Group of Pseudomonads

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6464-6474 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Maria Johansson ◽  
Sandra A. I. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Morphological Group ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Barley Net Blotch ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The influence of environmental factors during isolation on the composition of potential biocontrol isolates is largely unknown. Bacterial isolates that efficiently suppressed wheat seedling blight caused by Fusarium culmorum were found by isolating psychrotrophic, root-associated bacteria and by screening them in a bioassay that mimicked field conditions. The impact of individual isolation factors on the disease-suppressive index (DSI) of almost 600 isolates was analyzed. The bacteria originated from 135 samples from 62 sites in Sweden and Switzerland. The isolation factors that increased the probability of finding isolates with high DSIs were sampling from arable land, Swiss origin of samples, and origination of isolates from plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The colony morphology of the isolates was characterized and compared to DSIs, which led to identification of a uniform morphological group containing 57 highly disease-suppressive isolates. Isolates in this group were identified as Pseudomonas sp.; they were fluorescent on King's medium B and had characteristic crystalline structures in their colonies. These isolates were morphologically similar to seven strains that had previously been selected for suppression of barley net blotch caused by Drechslera teres. Members of this morphological group grow at 1.5°C and produce an antifungal polyketide (2,3-deepoxy-2,3-didehydrorhizoxin [DDR]). They have similar two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles, phenotypic characteristics, and in vitro inhibition spectra of pathogens. In summary, in this paper we describe some isolation factors that are important for obtaining disease-suppressive bacteria in our system, and we describe a novel group of biocontrol pseudomonads.

scholarly journals Transformation of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Masked Forms during Malting of Various Cultivars of Wheat

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Marcin Bryła ◽  
Dorota Michałowska ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Tomoya Yoshinari
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Fusarium Toxins ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of malting of six wheat cultivars inoculated with Fusarium culmorum on the dynamics of content changes of selected Fusarium toxins. The grains of all the tested cultivars showed a high content of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and their derivatives, whereas nivalenol (NIV) and its glucoside were found only in the Legenda cultivar. Our experiments confirmed that the malting process of wheat grain enables the secondary growth of Fusarium, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. The levels of toxins in malt were few-fold higher than those in grain; an especially high increase was noted in the case of ZEN and its sulfate as the optimal temperature and pH conditions for the biosynthesis of these toxins by the pathogen are similar to those used in the grain malting process. This is the first paper reporting that during the malting process, biosynthesis of ZEN sulfate occurs, instead of glycosylation, which is a typical modification of mycotoxins by plant detoxication enzymes.

scholarly journals Effect of Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection on Yield and Malting Quality of Barley

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Edwards ◽  
Thomas G. Fetch ◽  
Paul B. Schwarz ◽  
Brian J. Steffenson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Impact

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection occurs frequently in barley in the Upper Midwest region of the United States; however, the impact of this disease on the yield and quality of malting cultivars has not been adequately addressed. Studies were conducted at Fargo, North Dakota (from 1989 to 1990) to determine the effect of BYDV infection on yield and malt quality parameters in barley. Three malting cultivars varying in yield potential and malting characteristics were artificially inoculated at the seedling stage with a North Dakota BYDV isolate of the PAV serotype. Overall yields were reduced 32.5 to 38% in 1989 and 8.5 to 19.8% in 1990 by BYDV infection. Thousand-kernel weight (3.2 to 14.9%) and kernel plumpness (11.9 to 38.9%) also were reduced. Kernel color and three malt quality parameters (α-amylase, malt recovery, and wort viscosity) were not affected by BYDV infection. Increases in wort protein (2.5 to 14.5%) and diastatic power (3.8 to 12.6%), and decreases in malt extract (1.1 to 5.6%) were found. Most notably, total protein increased 4.6 to 17.5% with BYDV infection. Higher proportions of thin seed, as a result of BYDV infection, contributed to the effects on several quality parameters. In summary, the negative effect of BYDV infection on overall quality is significant and should be considered when assessing the impact of this disease. Although annual BYD disease-related losses are typically not extensive in the Midwestern malting barley region, the incorporation of host resistance into recommended cultivars would ameliorate the negative effects of BYD disease on crop quality as well as on yield.

scholarly journals Malting of Fusarium Head Blight-Infected Rye (Secale cereale): Growth of Fusarium graminearum, Trichothecene Production, and the Impact on Malt Quality

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Jin ◽  
James Gillespie ◽  
John Barr ◽  
Jochum Wiersma ◽  
Mark Sorrells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
The Impact

This project was initiated with the goal of investigating the malt quality of winter rye cultivars and hybrids grown in the United States in 2014 and 2015, but high levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) were subsequently found in many of the malt samples. DON levels in 75% of the investigated rye samples (n = 117) were actually below 1.0 mg/kg, as quantified by a gas chromatography combined with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). However, 83% of the samples had DON in excess of 1.0 mg/kg following malting, and the average DON level in malted rye was 10.6 mg/kg. In addition, relatively high levels of 3-acetate DON (3-ADON), 15-acetate DON (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and DON-3-glucoside (D3G) were observed in some rye malts. Our results show that rye grain DON is likely a poor predicator of type B trichothecenes in malt in practice, because high levels of malt DON, 15-ADONm and D3G were produced, even when the rye samples with DON levels below 0.50 mg/kg were processed. Fusarium Tri5 DNA content in rye was highly associated with malt DON levels (r = 0.83) in a small subset of samples (n = 55). The impact of Fusarium infection on malt quality was demonstrated by the significant correlations between malt DON levels and wort viscosity, β-glucan content, wort color, wort p-coumaric acid content, and total phenolic content. Additional correlations of rye Fusarium Tri5 DNA contents with malt diastatic power (DP), wort free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, and arabinoxylan content were observed.

scholarly journals Effects of genotype, environment and fungicide treatment on development of Fusarium head blight and accumulation of DON in winter wheat grain

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
L. Leišová ◽  
S. Sýkorová ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Pathogen Dna

Reactions to artificial infection with <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and (metconazole- or tebuconazole-based) fungicides were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars that were evaluated in field experiments at the location Prague-Ruzyne for four years (2001&minus;2004) for deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain, pathogen DNA content (Ct) by real-time quantitative PCR, percentage of Fusarium damaged grains (FDG), symptom scores and reductions in grain yield components. All examined traits were highly affected by conditions of experimental years and interactions with cultivars and treatments. Moderately resistant cultivars Arina and Petrus were included in the first homogeneous group in all traits, including the pathogen DNA content. To predict cultivar resistance to Fusarium head blight and accumulation of DON, the examination of the percentage of FDG in different environments appeared to be useful from practical aspects. The pathogen DNA content was significantly related to the content of DON under different conditions, however, the correlation coefficients ranged between 0.42 and 0.92. Different levels of DON could be detected at similar pathogen contents. The higher colonization of grain by the fungus was mostly connected with a strongly reduced amount of DON per pathogen unit (DON/Ct ratio). The fungicide treatment had a significant effect on a reduction in all traits except DON/Ct, but the effects on different traits were not often proportional and they were highly variable in the particular years (range 10&minus;69%) and cultivars (range < 0&minus;60%). While the application of fungicide caused a reduction in DON content in all cultivars, an increase in pathogen content after the application of fungicides was not exceptional. The low fungicide effect on a reduction in pathogen content was connected with higher temperatures (temperature extremes) in a 30-day period of disease development. The efficacy of fungicide treatment for DON was low at high pathogen content and late heading. The use of the collected data to improve control measures is discussed.

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