Increase the Quality of Sugar by Ultrafiltration Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1200
Author(s):  
Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi ◽  
Seyed M.A. Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafiltration Process

Permeate Quality of Ultrafiltration Process

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Chao ◽  
Seishu Tojo
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafiltration Process

scholarly journals Applications of Polymeric Membranes Ultrafiltration Process on the Retention of Bentonite Suspension

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Tataru ◽  
Valentin Nedeff ◽  
Narcis Barsan ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Emilian Mosnegutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Filtration Membrane ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Filtration Surface ◽  
Ultrafiltration Process

In the field of purification and treatment of waste water resulting from various domestic and industrial activities, classical methods of retention of pollutants almost can no longer eliminate their large quantities, and this signifies a problem related to the environment. Filtration membrane technology has a larger footprint in the removal of these pollutants, and their success is due to virtually the quality of the resulting water. This paper highlights the development of a wastewater ultrafiltration process, containing bentonite, an inorganic compound found in wastewater from industries such as the steel industry, food industry, and so on. This study aims to find the relation between all parameters present in the ultrafiltration process, respectively how these parameters can influence each other. The study is necessary because bentonite, from a common substance, can be a dangerous pollutant, especially if it comes into contact with other compounds that in chemical reactions can harm the environment, and this raises questions to researchers who are experimenting with water purification technologies at a state-of-the-art level. At the same time, the study aims at determining the percentage of bentonite retaining on the membrane filtration surface, and in the final analysis of how bentonite can block the pores of the membrane or deposit on its surface. Throughout the entire ultrafiltration experiment it will be monitorized parameters related to organic membrane with hollow fibers and the results of physico-chemical indicators obtained at the final of the process. The results of the study showed that bentonite can be retained more than 20%. Accumulation of bentonite on the surface of the membrane decreased slightly the volume of permeate at the end of the experiment, resulting in an insignificant decrease in the volume of the liquid in the membrane. The results on bentonite retention efficiency and dependence parameters in the ultrafiltration process will be detailed in the present paper.

Coagulation/Ultrafiltration Process for Treatment of Da Huofang Reservoir Water in Low Temperature and Low Turbidity Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2090-2095
Author(s):  
Jin Xiang Fu ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Yun Nan Gao ◽  
Xing Guan Ma ◽  
Li Jun Teng
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Ultrafiltration Process

The treatment efficiency of Da Huofang Reservoir water in low temperature and low turbidity period by Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process was investigated in pilot study, and the water quality treated by the process was compared with that by the traditional treatment process. When coagulant dosage is 30 mg/L, the average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn and UV254 were 89.2%, 47.3% and 52.8% respectively in the coagulation/ultrafiltration process, and the treatment efficiency was obviously superior to the traditional process. In the study of operation parameters optimization for Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process, the optimum membrane flux was determined that was 50 L/m2h. The cleaning membrane water was treated by coagulation sedimentation process, and the quality of effluent was good which was mixed with raw water for reuse, and the experiment indicated that this method did not affect the stable operation of Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process, eventually the water recycling rate was improved from 89% to 96.5%.

Features of ultrafiltration of milk obtained from cows with CSN3 polymorphism

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Александр Геннадьевич Кручинин ◽  
Елена Евгеньевна Илларионова ◽  
Светлана Николаевна Туровская ◽  
Алана Владиславовна Бигаева
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Volumetric Concentration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Technological Chain ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Ultrafiltration Process

Мембранные процессы широко внедрены на современных предприятиях молочной промышленности, поскольку они способствуют обеспечению максимальной степени использования сырья и повышению качества готовой продукции. При этом они без затруднений интегрируются в классическую технологическую цепочку. Научные изыскания, направленные на дальнейшее совершенствование технологий баромембранного концентрирования молочного сырья, а также использование генетического подхода к формированию его технологических свойств весьма актуальны. Целью данной работы являлось исследование закономерностей процесса ультрафильтрации обезжиренного молока, полученного из молока коров с генотипами АА и ВВ по гену CSN3. Объектом исследований служило обезжиренное молоко, полученное из молока от КРС черно-пестрой породы с гомозиготными генотипами по гену CSN3 (АА и ВВ). Концентрирование молока осуществляли на пилотной установке с полиэфирсульфоновыми мембранами с порогом задержки по молекулярной массе 50 кДа при температуре 15…20 °С и объемном факторе концентрирования 3,5. В результате исследований выявлена закономерность снижения скорости процесса ультрафильтрации вследствие большей эффективности концентрирования массовых долей белка и сухих веществ обезжиренного молока, полученного из молока коров с генотипом АА по гену CSN3, по отношению к молоку от коров с генотипом ВВ. Membrane processes are widely used in modern dairy production, as they help to maximize the use of raw materials and improve the quality of end product. At the same time, they are easily integrated into the classical technological chain. Further improvement of the baromembrane concentration of dairy raw products technologies and the use of the genetic approach to the formation of its technological properties is an urgent scientific study today. The aim of this work was to study the regularities of the ultrafiltration process of skim milk obtained from the milk of cows with genotypes AA and BB according to the CSN3 gene. The object of research was skim milk obtained from milk from black-and-white cattle with homozygous genotypes for the CSN3 gene (AA and BB). Milk concentration was carried out on a pilot plant with polyethersulfone membranes with a retention threshold in molecular weight of 50 kDa at a temperature of 15…20 °C and a volumetric concentration factor of 3.5. As a result of the research, a regularity of the decrease in the rate of the ultrafiltration process was revealed due to the greater efficiency of concentration of mass fractions of protein and dry matter of skim milk obtained from milk of cows with the AA genotype according to the CSN3 gene in relation to milk from cows with the BB genotype.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

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