Mathematical design and performance investigation of evaporator water cooled storage‐cum‐mobile thermoelectric refrigerator for preservation of fruits and vegetables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad Chavan ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur Sidhu ◽  
Mohammed Shafiq Alam ◽  
Mahesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mathematical Design

Study of the Structure and Oxygen Permeability of Cellulose Packaging Films from NMMO-Solutions

2011 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Pei Fang Cheng ◽  
Jian Qing Wang ◽  
Wen Ming Ren
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Packaging Films ◽  
Cellulose Films ◽  
And Performance

This paper is concerned with the preparation of cellulose packaging films with high oxygen permeability. The films were prepared from cotton pulp and wood pulp by the cast-wiped method using N-methymorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as a solvent. The effects of processing parameters on the structure and performance of cellulose films were also studied. The results show that for optimum processing of the films cotton pulp was the preferred raw material, the optimum pulp concentration in the casting solution was 5%, and the optimum temperature for the coagulation bath was 40°C. Using the above process conditions resulted in packaging films with high oxygen permeability making them suitable for use in packaging fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals Development of electrochemical sensors for detection of organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
H Rostiyanti ◽  
A Z Mubarok
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The use of pesticides for agricultural cultivation may prevent losses due to pest attacks, but excessive and uncontrolled use of pesticides may cause contamination of pesticide residues in the fruits and vegetables. Organophosphate pesticides are highly toxic and their residue in fruits and vegetables may cause neurological disorders in humans. Organophosphate residues may enter the body of animals and humans through oral routes or respiratory systems. Common analytical methods to detect organophosphate require complex sample preparation and sophisticated equipment. Electrochemical detection methods are an alternative in developing organophosphate detection methods in fruits and vegetables. This review provides an overview of the development and performance of electrochemical sensor technology to detect organophosphate residues in fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROCESS OF GRINDING GRAPE RAW MATERIALS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENERGY INTENSITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE GRINDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
V.V. Novikov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Litvinov ◽  
N.V. Morozov ◽  
E.A. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Characteristic ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of the study is to establish an analytical expression describing the energy consumption during juicing depending on the shape of the knife – divider. The article presents a design for juicing different types of fruits and vegetables. The dynamic characteristic of the process of grinding the starting material (for example, grapes) is given. An expression for determining the power spent on grinding the starting material is analytically substantiated and presented.

scholarly journals Nutrient profiling: comparison and critical analysis of existing systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Azaïs-Braesco ◽  
C Goffi ◽  
E Labouze
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Nutrient Profiling ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Expert Classification

AbstractBackgroundNutrient profiling systems aim at positioning foodstuffs relative to each other according to their contribution to a balanced diet. The accuracy and performance of methodologies are still debated. We present here a critical analysis of the structure and efficiency of the current schemes.MethodsThe literature survey detected only four systems addressing the issue on an ‘across the board’ approach and with enough detail to enable analysis. The building principles of these systems were compared and their performance was estimated via their classification of a series of 125 foodstuffs on the basis of nutritional composition. These classifications were compared with one another and with an empirical classification by expert nutritionists.ResultsAll systems gave a similar overview, with fruits and vegetables ranked as the most favourable foods and fatty and sugary foods as the least favourable ones, but numerous discrepancies existed in every system, mainly related to their choice of nutrients and thresholds. The FSA scoring system seemed the most consistent approach, although it still generated some questionable rankings. Expert classification did not clearly validate any scheme, and cannot be considered as a true reference.ConclusionNutrient profiling systems are confirmed to be powerful tools to translate nutritional information related to the whole diet into the level of individual foods. However, the performance of the existing schemes remains moderate. Alternative approaches, such as considering food categories or introducing more stringent validation steps by a panel of expert nutritionists, could be ways to reach more efficient and consensual tools.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Small Solar Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to Predict Aerodynamic Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Parvathy RAJENDRAN ◽  
Howard SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Flight Test ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Mathematical Design

Various studies have been done in recent years on unmanned solar-powered aircraft for non-stop flight at a specified location or area. However, if a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can achieve a non-stop flight around the world, it may lead to the possibility of a pseudolite (i.e., pseudo-satellite) operation. These solar UAVs capable of operating as a satellite enable sustainable aviation that provides cheaper communication accessibility. Recently, we have developed a mathematical model for solar UAVs that was followed by the fabrication of a solar UAV model. Both the mathematical design model and the prototype model have been published. Thus, this work aims to determine the actual flight performance characteristics of the fabricated solar UAV. In this work, the bench and flight tests of the prototype solar and non-solar UAV model were compared in terms of aerodynamic characteristics and performance. These characteristics are determined using the flight test data and then compared with simulation data using a mathematical design model published earlier. Both accelerated and un-accelerated methods have been applied to predict the polar drag curve, and a distinct band of data obtained for both UAV prototypes. The predicted zero-lift drag coefficients were similar to the theoretical prediction in these UAVs.

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. M. Thieringer
Keyword(s):  
Objective Lens ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Ray Path ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Huang Min ◽  
P.S. Flora ◽  
C.J. Harland ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Cylindrical Mirror ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Channel Plate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Gerald S. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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