Koi herpesvirus and carp oedema virus: Infections and coinfections during mortality events of wild common carp in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1609-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumesh K. Padhi ◽  
Isaiah Tolo ◽  
Margaret McEachran ◽  
Alexander Primus ◽  
Sunil K. Mor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus

Hepatitis A virus infections associated with clotting factor concentrate in the United States

Transfusion ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Soucie ◽  
BH Robertson ◽  
BP Bell ◽  
KA McCaustland ◽  
BL Evatt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Factor Concentrate

scholarly journals Estimating the Number of Persons Who Inject Drugs in the United States by Meta-Analysis to Calculate National Rates of HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Infections

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Lansky ◽  
Teresa Finlayson ◽  
Christopher Johnson ◽  
Deborah Holtzman ◽  
Cyprian Wejnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs

scholarly journals Prevalent Misconceptions About Opioid Use Disorders in the United States Produce Failed Policy and Public Health Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Heimer ◽  
Kathryn Hawk ◽  
Sten H Vermund
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Overdose Mortality

Abstract The current opioid crisis in the United States has emerged from higher demand for and prescribing of opioids as chronic pain medication, leading to massive diversion into illicit markets. A peculiar tragedy is that many health professionals prescribed opioids in a misguided response to legitimate concerns that pain was undertreated. The crisis grew not only from overprescribing, but also from other sources, including insufficient research into nonopioid pain management, ethical lapses in corporate marketing, historical stigmas directed against people who use drugs, and failures to deploy evidence-based therapies for opioid addiction and to comprehend the limitations of supply-side regulatory approaches. Restricting opioid prescribing perversely accelerated narco-trafficking of heroin and fentanyl with consequent increases in opioid overdose mortality As injection replaced oral consumption, outbreaks of hepatitis B and C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections have resulted. This viewpoint explores the origins of the crisis and directions needed for effective mitigation.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Three Koi Herpesvirus Isolates Representing the Expanding Distribution of an Emerging Disease Threatening Koi and Common Carp Worldwide

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 5058-5065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Aoki ◽  
Ikuo Hirono ◽  
Ken Kurokawa ◽  
Hideo Fukuda ◽  
Ronen Nahary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Channel Catfish Virus ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Worldwide Production

ABSTRACT Since the mid-1990s, lethal infections of koi herpesvirus (KHV) have been spreading, threatening the worldwide production of common carp and koi (both Cyprinus carpio). The complete genome sequences of three KHV strains from Japan, the United States, and Israel revealed a 295-kbp genome containing a 22-kbp terminal direct repeat. The finding that 15 KHV genes have clear homologs in the distantly related channel catfish virus (ictalurid herpesvirus 1) confirms the proposed place of KHV in the family Herpesviridae, specifically in the branch with fish and amphibian hosts. KHV thus has the largest genome reported to date for this family. The three strains were interpreted as having arisen from a wild-type parent encoding 156 unique protein-coding genes, 8 of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. In each strain, four to seven genes from among a set of nine are fragmented by frameshifts likely to render the encoded proteins nonfunctional. Six of the affected genes encode predicted membrane glycoproteins. Frameshifts or other mutations close to the 3′ ends of coding sequences were identified in a further six genes. The conclusion that at least some of these mutations occurred in vivo prompts the hypothesis that loss of gene functions might be associated with emergence of the disease and provides a basis for further investigations into the molecular epidemiology of the virus.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Control in the United States: An Assessment of Proposed UNAIDS Metrics, 2010–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1433
Author(s):  
Karin A Bosh ◽  
John T Brooks ◽  
H Irene Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Epidemic control is necessary to eliminate human immunodeficiency virus infections. We assessed epidemic control in the United States by applying 4 proposed UNAIDS metrics to national surveillance data collected between 2010 and 2015. Although epidemic control in the United States is possible, progress by UNAIDS metrics has been mixed.

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