Broadbill swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ) foraging and vertical movements in the n orth‐west A tlantic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Logan ◽  
Walt Golet ◽  
Sean C. Smith ◽  
John Neilson ◽  
Lou Van Guelpen
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Xiphias Gladius

Free-swimming swordfish, Xiphias gladius, alter the rate of whole body heat transfer: morphological and physiological specializations for thermoregulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 858-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Stoehr ◽  
Joshua St. Martin ◽  
Scott Aalbers ◽  
Chugey Sepulveda ◽  
Diego Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Pelagic Fishes ◽  
Xiphias Gladius ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Transfer Models

Abstract Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) are large, highly-migratory pelagic, fishes that make diel, vertical excursions from the warm, surface layer (e.g. 18–24 °C) to the cold waters (∼8 °C) below the thermocline (300–600 m). They possess anatomical traits [e.g. medial red muscle (RM) position and an associated vascular rete] that could enable metabolic heat-retention and result in RM temperature elevation above ambient, or RM endothermy. We herein provide: (i) expanded anatomical descriptions of the RM-associated vasculature (i.e. central rete and lateral blood vessels), (ii) new measurements of in vivo temperature, and (iii) heat transfer models to assess the capacities for RM endothermy and physiological thermoregulation during vertical movements. Despite the presence of a medial RM and two associated blood-flow pathways (one of which forms a rete), swordfish exhibited a limited capacity for RM endothermy, with muscle temperatures approaching ambient during prolonged periods above or below the thermocline. Our heat transfer models suggest, however, that swordfish may control rates of heat loss or gain during vertical movements, possibly by altering the route of blood flow supplying the RM. Such physiological thermoregulation likely contributes to the ability of swordfish to capitalize on food resources below the thermocline, which are out of range for most other active, pelagic fishes.

A model of recent vertical movements of the earth's surface in Lithuania: integration of geodetic levelling data and geological parameters

Geologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algimantas Zakarevičius ◽  
Saulius Šliaupa ◽  
Asta Anikėnienė ◽  
Žydrūnas Dėnas ◽  
Rasa Šliaupienė
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movements

scholarly journals Short-term Variations in Strain and Surface Tilt on Storglaciären, Kebnekaise, Northern Sweden

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (120) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jansson ◽  
Roger LeB. Hooke
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Local Uplift

AbstractTiltmeters that can detect changes in slope of a glacier surface as small as 0.1 μ rad have been used on Storglaciären. The records obtained to date have been from the upper part of the ablation area, where the bed of the glacier is overdeepened. A total of 82 d of records has been obtained for various time periods between early June and early September.There is generally a gradual change in inclination of the glacier surface over periods of several days, but these changes do not appear to be systematic. In particular, they are not consistent with vertical movements of stakes located 2–3 ice thicknesses away from the tiltmeters. This suggests that the tiltmeters are sensing disturbances over areas with diameters comparable to the local ice thickness.Superimposed on these trends are diurnal signals suggesting rises and falls of the surface just up-glacier from the riegel that bounds the overdeepening on its down-glacier end. These may be due to waves of high water pressure originating in a crevassed area near the equilibrium line. If this interpretation is correct, the waves apparently move down-glacier at speeds of 20–60 m h−1and become sufficiently focused, either by the bed topography or by conduit constrictions, to result in local uplift of the surface. Also observed are abrupt tilts towards the glacier center line shortly after the beginning of heavy rainstorms. These appear to be due to longitudinal stretching as the part of the glacier below the riegel accelerates faster than that above. Water entering the glacier by way of a series of crevasses over the riegel is believed to be responsible for this differential acceleration. In June 1987, a dramatic event was registered, probably reflecting the initial summer acceleration of the glacier.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Vertical Crustal Movements along the European Coast from Satellite Altimetry, Tide Gauge, GNSS and Radar Interferometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Kamil Kowalczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Pajak ◽  
Beata Wieczorek ◽  
Bartosz Naumowicz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Gnss Time Series ◽  
Vertical Crustal Movements ◽  
European Coast

The main aim of the article was to analyse the actual accuracy of determining the vertical movements of the Earth’s crust (VMEC) based on time series made of four measurement techniques: satellite altimetry (SA), tide gauges (TG), fixed GNSS stations and radar interferometry. A relatively new issue is the use of the persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) time series to determine VMEC. To compare the PSInSAR results with GNSS, an innovative procedure was developed: the workflow of determining the value of VMEC velocities in GNSS stations based on InSAR data. In our article, we have compiled 110 interferograms for ascending satellites and 111 interferograms for descending satellites along the European coast for each of the selected 27 GNSS stations, which is over 5000 interferograms. This allowed us to create time series of unprecedented time, very similar to the time resolution of time series from GNSS stations. As a result, we found that the obtained accuracies of the VMEC determined from the PSInSAR are similar to those obtained from the GNSS time series. We have shown that the VMEC around GNSS stations determined by other techniques are not the same.

scholarly journals Diurnal vertical movements in black sea bass ( Centropristis striata ): Endogenous, facultative, or something else?

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Secor ◽  
H. Bailey ◽  
A. Carroll ◽  
V. Lyubchich ◽  
M. H. P. O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Centropristis Striata ◽  
Black Sea Bass

scholarly journals Quantification of early learning and movement sub-structure predictive of motor performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Jakkamsetti ◽  
William Scudder ◽  
Gauri Kathote ◽  
Qian Ma ◽  
Gustavo Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Support Vector Machine Classifier ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Support ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Movement Smoothness

AbstractTime-to-fall off an accelerating rotating rod (rotarod) is widely utilized to evaluate rodent motor performance. We reasoned that this simple outcome could be refined with additional measures explicit in the task (however inconspicuously) to examine what we call movement sub-structure. Our goal was to characterize normal variation or motor impairment more robustly than by using time-to-fall. We also hypothesized that measures (or features) early in the sub-structure could anticipate the learning expected of a mouse undergoing serial trials. Using normal untreated and baclofen-treated movement-impaired mice, we defined these features and automated their analysis using paw video-tracking in three consecutive trials, including paw location, speed, acceleration, variance and approximate entropy. Spectral arc length yielded speed and acceleration uniformity. We found that, in normal mice, paw movement smoothness inversely correlated with rotarod time-to-fall for the three trials. Greater approximate entropy in vertical movements, and opposite changes in horizontal movements, correlated with greater first-trial time-to-fall. First-trial horizontal approximate entropy in the first few seconds predicted subsequent time-to-fall. This allowed for the separation, after only one rotarod trial, of different-weight, untreated mouse groups, and for the detection of mice otherwise unimpaired after baclofen, which displayed a time-to-fall similar to control. A machine-learning support vector machine classifier corroborated these findings. In conclusion, time-to-fall off a rotarod correlated well with several measures, including some obtained during the first few seconds of a trial, and some responsive to learning over the first two trials, allowing for predictions or preemptive experimental manipulations before learning completion.

scholarly journals Nursery origin and population connectivity of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the North Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. David Wells ◽  
Veronica A. Quesnell ◽  
Robert L. Humphreys ◽  
Heidi Dewar ◽  
Jay R. Rooker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Xiphias Gladius ◽  
The North Pacific

scholarly journals INQUIRY INTO VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH‘S CRUST BASED ON SAMPLES FROM EASTERN LITHUANIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Ruta Puziene ◽  
Asta Anikeniene ◽  
Gitana Karsokiene
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Made In

In the research of vertical movements of the earth’s crust, examination of statistical correlations between the measured vertical movements of the earth’s crust and territorial geo-indexes is accomplished with the help of mathematical statistical analysis. Availability of the precise repeated levelling measuring data coupled with the preferred research methodology offer a chance to determine and predict recent vertical movements of the earth’s crust. For the inquiry into recent vertical movements of the earth’s crust, a Lithuanian class I vertical network levelling polygon was used. Drawing on measurements made in the polygon, vertical velocities of earth’s crust movements were calculated along the following levelling lines. For determining the relations shared by vertical movements of the earth’s crust and territorial geo-parameters, the following territory-defining parameters are accepted. Examination of the special qualities of relations shared by vertical movements of the earth’s crust and geo-parameters in the territory under research contributed to the computation of correlation matrices. Regression models are worked out taking into consideration only particular territory-defining geo-parameters, i.e. only those parameters which exhibit the following correlation coefficient value of the vertical earth’s crust movement velocity: r ≥ 0.50. A forecast of the velocities pertaining to vertical movements of the earth’s crust in the territory under examination was made with the application of regression models. Further in the process of this research, a map was compiled specifying the velocities of vertical movements of the earth’s crust in the territory. In the eastern part of this territory, the earth’s crust rises at a rate of up to 3 mm/year; while in the western part of it, the earth crust lowers at a rate of up to –1.5 mm/year. In order to pinpoint territories characterised by temperate and regular rising/lowering or intensive rising/lowering, a map of horizontal gradients of recent vertical earth crust movements in the territory enclosed by levelling polygon was compiled.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomalies and Seismic Activities in the MedRidge Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Hakan S. Kutoglu ◽  
Kazimierz Becek
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Bottom Pressure ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Ocean Bottom Pressure ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Mediterranean Ridge Accretionary Complex ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Periodic Components

The Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex (MAC) is a product of the convergence of Africa–Europe–Aegean plates. As a result, the region exhibits a continuous mass change (horizontal/vertical movements) that generates earthquakes. Over the last 50 years, approximately 430 earthquakes with M ≥ 5, including 36 M ≥ 6 earthquakes, have been recorded in the region. This study aims to link the ocean bottom deformations manifested through ocean bottom pressure variations with the earthquakes’ time series. To this end, we investigated the time series of the ocean bottom pressure (OBP) anomalies derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) satellite missions. The OBP time series comprises a decreasing trend in addition to 1.02, 1.52, 4.27, and 10.66-year periodic components, which can be explained by atmosphere, oceans, and hydrosphere (AOH) processes, the Earth’s pole movement, solar activity, and core–mantle coupling. It can be inferred from the results that the OBP anomalies time series/mass change is linked to a rising trend and periods in the earthquakes’ energy time series. Based on this preliminary work, ocean-bottom pressure variation appears to be a promising lead for further research.

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