scholarly journals Age and growth of Brauer's lanternfish Gymnoscopelus braueri and rhombic lanternfish Krefftichthys anderssoni (Family Myctophidae) in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Saunders ◽  
Silvia Lourenço ◽  
Rui P. Vieira ◽  
Martin A. Collins ◽  
Carlos A. Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Scotia Sea

scholarly journals The trophodynamics of Southern Ocean Electrona (Myctophidae) in the Scotia Sea

Polar Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Saunders ◽  
Martin A. Collins ◽  
Emma Foster ◽  
Rachel Shreeve ◽  
Gabriele Stowasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Scotia Sea

scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Ocean Acidification and Nanoplastic Exposures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Krill

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Rowlands ◽  
Tamara Galloway ◽  
Matthew Cole ◽  
Ceri Lewis ◽  
Victoria Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Scotia Sea

In aquatic environments, plastic pollution occurs concomitantly with anthropogenic climate stressors such as ocean acidification. Within the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill (Euphausia Superba) support many marine predators and play a key role in the biogeochemical cycle. Ocean acidification and plastic pollution have been acknowledged to hinder Antarctic krill development and physiology in singularity, however potential multi-stressor effects of plastic particulates coupled with ocean acidification are unexplored. Furthermore, Antarctic krill may be especially vulnerable to plastic pollution due to their close association with sea-ice, a known plastic sink. Here, we investigate the behaviour of nanoplastic [spherical, aminated (NH2), and yellow-green fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles] in Antarctic seawater and explore the single and combined effects of nanoplastic (160 nm radius, at a concentration of 2.5 μg ml–1) and ocean acidification (pCO2 ∼900, pHT 7.7) on the embryonic development of Antarctic krill. Gravid female krill were collected in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (North Scotia Sea). Produced eggs were incubated at 0.5 °C in four treatments (control, nanoplastic, ocean acidification and the multi-stressor scenario of nanoplastic presence, and ocean acidification) and their embryonic development after 6 days, at the incubation endpoint, was determined. We observed that negatively charged nanoplastic particles suspended in seawater from the Scotia Sea aggregated to sizes exceeding the nanoscale after 24 h (1054.13 ± 53.49 nm). Further, we found that the proportion of embryos developing through the early stages to reach at least the limb bud stage was highest in the control treatment (21.84%) and lowest in the multi-stressor treatment (13.17%). Since the biological thresholds to any stressors can be altered by the presence of additional stressors, we propose that future nanoplastic ecotoxicology studies should consider the changing global ocean under future climate scenarios for assessments of their impact and highlight that determining the behaviour of nanoplastic particles used in incubation studies is critical to determining their toxicity.

scholarly journals Myctophid Fish (Family Myctophidae) Are Central Consumers in the Food Web of the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Saunders ◽  
Simeon L. Hill ◽  
Geraint A. Tarling ◽  
Eugene J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Myctophid Fish

scholarly journals Coccolithophore populations and their contribution to carbonate export during an annual cycle in the Australian sector of the Antarctic zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández ◽  
José A. Flores ◽  
Francisco J. Sierro ◽  
Miguel A. Fuertes ◽  
Lluïsa Cros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Allochthonous Species ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. The Southern Ocean is experiencing rapid and relentless change in its physical and biogeochemical properties. The rate of warming of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current exceeds that of the global ocean, and the enhanced uptake of carbon dioxide is causing basin-wide ocean acidification. Observational data suggest that these changes are influencing the distribution and composition of pelagic plankton communities. Long-term and annual field observations on key environmental variables and organisms are a critical basis for predicting changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems. These observations are particularly needed, since high-latitude systems have been projected to experience the most severe impacts of ocean acidification and invasions of allochthonous species. Coccolithophores are the most prolific calcium-carbonate-producing phytoplankton group playing an important role in Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycles. Satellite imagery has revealed elevated particulate inorganic carbon concentrations near the major circumpolar fronts of the Southern Ocean that can be attributed to the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Recent studies have suggested changes during the last decades in the distribution and abundance of Southern Ocean coccolithophores. However, due to limited field observations, the distribution, diversity and state of coccolithophore populations in the Southern Ocean remain poorly characterised. We report here on seasonal variations in the abundance and composition of coccolithophore assemblages collected by two moored sediment traps deployed at the Antarctic zone south of Australia (2000 and 3700 m of depth) for 1 year in 2001–2002. Additionally, seasonal changes in coccolith weights of E. huxleyi populations were estimated using circularly polarised micrographs analysed with C-Calcita software. Our findings indicate that (1) coccolithophore sinking assemblages were nearly monospecific for E. huxleyi morphotype B/C in the Antarctic zone waters in 2001–2002; (2) coccoliths captured by the traps experienced weight and length reduction during summer (December–February); (3) the estimated annual coccolith weight of E. huxleyi at both sediment traps (2.11 ± 0.96 and 2.13 ± 0.91 pg at 2000 and 3700 m) was consistent with previous studies for morphotype B/C in other Southern Ocean settings (Scotia Sea and Patagonian shelf); and (4) coccolithophores accounted for approximately 2–5 % of the annual deep-ocean CaCO3 flux. Our results are the first annual record of coccolithophore abundance, composition and degree of calcification in the Antarctic zone. They provide a baseline against which to monitor coccolithophore responses to changes in the environmental conditions expected for this region in coming decades.

Antennuloniscus alfi n. sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Haploniscidae) from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1130 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
LAURA WÜRZBERG ◽  
WIEBKE BRÖKELAND
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Epibenthic Sledge

Antennuloniscus alfi n. sp. is reported from samples obtained with an epibenthic sledge in the deep sea of the Southern Ocean. The species can be recognised by its trapezoidal head, the broad and short articles 5 and 6 of the antenna and the pleotelson, which has rounded margins and two dorsal cuticular tubercles.

scholarly journals Attenuation of particulate organic carbon flux in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, is controlled by zooplankton fecal pellets

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Cavan ◽  
F. A. C. Le Moigne ◽  
A. J. Poulton ◽  
G. A. Tarling ◽  
P. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Fecal Pellets ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Organic Carbon Flux ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon Flux

scholarly journals Distribution, population structure and trophodynamics of Southern Ocean Gymnoscopelus (Myctophidae) in the Scotia Sea

Polar Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Saunders ◽  
Martin A. Collins ◽  
Peter Ward ◽  
Gabriele Stowasser ◽  
Rachael Shreeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Scotia Sea
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