Periodontal phenotype: A review of historical and current classifications evaluating different methods and characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Malpartida‐Carrillo ◽  
Pedro Luis Tinedo‐Lopez ◽  
Maria Eugenia Guerrero ◽  
Silvia P. Amaya‐Pajares ◽  
Mutlu Özcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Phenotype

scholarly journals Prioritization of predisposing factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of amount of biofilm.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine VINCENT-BUGNAS ◽  
Leslie BORSA ◽  
Apolline GRUSS ◽  
Laurence LUPI
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gingival Enlargement ◽  
Periodontal Phenotype

Abstract Background: The mechanism of gingival growth that may occur during fixed orthodontic treatment is not yet fully understood and the amount of dental plaque is often incriminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gingival growth during multi-attachment orthodontic treatment and to prioritize its predicting factors, especially the quantity of biofilm. Methods: This comprehensive cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on orthodontic patients aged 9 to 30 years, in good health, treated by a fixed appliance. Periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, periodontal phenotype and gingival enhancement index were recorded. Likewise, the brushing habits and the date of the last scaling were noted. The orthodontic parameters studied were the duration of the treatment, the type of bracket, the alloys used for the arches and the type of ligatures. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and variables presenting p value < 0.25 were included in a multivariate analysis to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) of gingival enlargement".Results: A total of 193 patients were included (16.38 ± 4.89 years). Gingival growth occurred for 49.7% of patients included. The predisposing factors for this pathology during fixed orthodontic treatment were conventional metal brackets (p = 0.021), mouth breathing (p = 0.040), male gender (p = 0.035), thick periodontal phenotype (p = 0.043), elastomeric ligations (p = 0.007), duration of treatment (p = 0.022) and presence of plaque (p = 0.004). After achievement of the logistic regression, only two factors remained related to gingival enlargement: metallic brackets (OR:3.5, 95% CI:1.1- 10.55) and duration of treatment (OR:2.03, 95% CI:1.01-4.08). The amount of plaque would not be directly related to the development of gingival increase during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Among the predisposing factors that underlie gingival growth during multi-attachment therapy, the amount of plaque is not found. The qualitative assessment of the plaque and its evolution during treatment could clarify the role of the biofilm in the occurrence of gingival overgrowth.Trial registration: Cross-sectional study.

scholarly journals Periodontal phenotype modification therapy in a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-673
Author(s):  
Isabelle Silvério Tenório ◽  
Maria Vitória Calado Ramalho dos Santos ◽  
Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino ◽  
Jamesson de Macedo Andrade ◽  
Luana Samara Balduino de Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Attached Gingiva ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function ◽  
Periodontal Phenotype

Introduction: Gingival recessions are mucogingival defects of multifactorial etiology that interfere with aesthetics and function; in many cases these defects require multidisciplinary treatment. Objective: To report a clinical case of gingival recession treatment using a periodontal and orthodontic approach. Case report: Patient a 20-year-old woman, sought the Extension Project of Clinical and Surgical Periodontics (PROEPECC/UFCG) complaining of developing gingival recession in tooth 31, which was poorly positioned in the arch after orthodontic movement. Periodontal examination revealed type 1 gingival recession associated with a prominent labial frenulum, with a gingival height of 3 mm, width of 2 mm, probing depth of 1 mm, and absence of attached gingiva. The root was covered using a subepithelial connective tissue graft removed from the palatal mucosa and coronally positioned flap; in addition, inferior labial frenectomy was performed. After 1 year and 6 months, tooth 31 was again moved to reposition it in the arch. One year and 10 months post-surgery, new periodontal examination was performed to evaluate the mucogingival characteristics of the treated area. The recession was completely covered and there was a 4-mm increase in the attached gingiva. Conclusion: Orthodontics may positively or negatively influence periodontal structures and periodontics may favor the prognosis of tooth movement in a risk area by modifying the periodontal phenotype, increasing its resistance to gingival recession.

Relationship between anterior maxillary tooth sagittal root position and periodontal phenotype: a clinical and tomographic study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo M. Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo L. Petersen ◽  
Caroline Montez ◽  
José R. de Moraes ◽  
Alessandro L. Januário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Tooth ◽  
Root Position ◽  
Periodontal Phenotype

scholarly journals Periodontitis in Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome: An Altered Immunoinflammatory Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Thumbigere Math ◽  
P. Rebouças ◽  
P.A. Giovani ◽  
R.M. Puppin-Rontani ◽  
R. Casarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Chediak Higashi Syndrome ◽  
Periodontal Phenotype

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST), is associated with aggressive periodontitis. It is suggested that LYST mutations affect the toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated immunoinflammatory response, leading to frequent infections. This study sought to determine the periodontal status of patients with classic (severe) and atypical (milder) forms of CHS and the immunoregulatory functions of gingival fibroblasts in CHS patients. In contrast to aged-matched healthy controls, atypical (n = 4) and classic (n = 3) CHS patients presented with mild chronic periodontitis with no evidence of gingival ulceration, severe tooth mobility, or premature exfoliation of teeth. As a standard of care, all classic CHS patients had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Primary gingival fibroblasts obtained from atypical and BMT classic CHS patients displayed higher protein expression of TLR-2 (1.81-fold and 1.56-fold, respectively) and decreased expression of TLR-4 (−2.5-fold and −3.85-fold, respectively) at baseline when compared with healthy control gingival fibroblasts. When challenged with whole bacterial extract of Fusobacterium nucleatum, both atypical and classic CHS gingival fibroblasts failed to up-regulate TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression when compared with their respective untreated groups and control cells. Cytokine multiplex analysis following F. nucleatum challenge showed that atypical CHS gingival fibroblasts featured significantly increased cytokine expression (interleukin [IL]–2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor–α), whereas classic CHS cells featured similar/decreased cytokine expression when compared with treated control cells. Collectively, these results suggest that LYST mutations in CHS patients affect TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression/function, leading to dysregulated immunoinflammatory response, which in turn may influence the periodontal phenotype noted in CHS patients. Furthermore, our results suggest that atypical CHS patients and classic CHS patients who undergo BMT early in life are less susceptible to aggressive periodontitis and that hematopoietic cells play a critical role in mitigating the risk of aggressive periodontitis in CHS. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results from this study can be used to create awareness among clinicians and researchers that not all CHS patients exhibit historically reported aggressive periodontitis, especially if they have atypical CHS disease or have received bone marrow transplantation. LYST mutations in CHS patients may affect TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression/function leading to dysregulated immunoinflammatory response, which in turn may influence the periodontal phenotype noted in CHS patients.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of coronally advanced flap with acellular dermal matrix graft or connective tissue graft in the treatment of gingival recession with thin periodontal phenotype: study protocol for a split-mouth randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Zhan ◽  
Miaozhen Wang ◽  
Xiaojing Cao ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Root Coverage ◽  
Dermal Matrix ◽  
Coronally Advanced Flap ◽  
Connective Tissue Graft ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Tissue Graft ◽  
Periodontal Phenotype

Abstract BackgroundAmong all mucogingival deformities, gingival recession is one of the most prevalent conditions that demand surgical correction. Accordingly, root coverage procedures are essential parts of plastic periodontal surgeries. It is undeniable that autogenous tissue grafts remain the gold standard for root coverage procedures. Substantial evidences have identified that the connective tissue graft (CTG) combined with coronally advanced flap (CAF) achieves favorable root coverage of recession. Nevertheless, there are some noticeable disadvantages of harvesting autogenous tissue, such as postoperative bleeding, pain, or discomfort at the donor site, restricted tissue supply, increased morbidity, and longer operative duration. In order to overcome the drawbacks of autogenous tissue harvesting, several non-vital substitutes have been produced as alternative options for replacing connective tissue graft. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is an allograft derived from human skin, which has been used extensively in various areas of dental practice over the last two decades. ADM exhibits undamaged collagen and elastin matrices that has been used as a substitute for connective tissue for root coverage procedures. Although its clinical efficacy has been discussed in several reviews, conclusions about the application of this material are still unclear and controversial. Moreover, the level of evidence on the clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes relevant to ADM graft (ADMG) is low. Therefore, the objective of this split-mouth; randomized, controlled, clinical study is to compare the long-term clinical efficacy of ADMG combination with CAF on root coverage, aesthetics and patient satisfaction with CTG combination with CAF for gingival recession with thin periodontal phenotype, hoping to provide some reference to dentists.Methods/designForty participants with bilateral Miller Class I/II gingival recession randomly received ADMG (test group) on one side and CTG (control group) on the contralateral side in conjunction with CAF. Gingival recession depth (GRD), gingival recession width (GRW), keratinized tissue width (KTW) are measured at baseline, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 96 weeks. Mean root coverage (MRC), complete root coverage (CRC), root coverage aesthetic score (RES), color change (∆E), and patient satisfaction are assessed in postoperative follow-up.DiscussionCAF combined with CTG has been shown as a predictable technique in root coverage. At present, there is limited long-term data evaluating ADM on root coverage, aesthetics and patient satisfaction for the treatment of gingival recession with thin periodontal phenotype. The result of this split-mouth randomized controlled clinical studies is performed to evaluate the long-time efficacy of ADM, particularly when compared to the “gold standard” (CTG), contributing to an advanced treatment strategy of gingival recession with ideal clinical outcome. Trial registrationInternational Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ID: ChiCTR2000033230. Registered on 25 May 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54052

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document