Effect of temperature on the development time and life‐time fecundity of Trichopria anastrephae parasitizing Drosophila suzukii

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-865
Author(s):  
Julia G. A. Vieira ◽  
Alexandra P. Krüger ◽  
Tiago Scheuneumann ◽  
Amanda M. Garcez ◽  
Maira C. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii

scholarly journals Higher Performance of DSSC with Dyes from Cladophora sp. as Mixed Cosensitizer through Synergistic Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andery Lim ◽  
Noramaliyana Haji Manaf ◽  
Kushan Tennakoon ◽  
R. L. N. Chandrakanthi ◽  
Linda Biaw Leng Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Electron Recombination ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
The Stability

Chlorophyll and xanthophyll dyes extracted from a single source of filamentous freshwater green algae (Cladophora sp.) were used to sensitize dye sensitized solar cells and their performances were investigated. A more positive interaction is expected as the derived dyes come from a single natural source because they work mutually in nature. Cell sensitized with mixed chlorophyll and xanthophyll showed synergistic activity with improved cell performance of 1.5- to 2-fold higher than that sensitized with any individual dye. The effect of temperature and the stability of these dyes were also investigated. Xanthophyll dye was found to be more stable compared to chlorophyll that is attributed in the ability of xanthophyll to dissipate extra energy via reversible structural changes. Mixing the dyes resulted to an increase in effective electron life time and reduced the process of electron recombination during solar cell operation, hence exhibiting a synergistic effect.

scholarly journals Limited thermal plasticity and geographic divergence in the ovipositor of Drosophila suzukii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceferino Varón-González ◽  
Antoine Fraimout ◽  
Arnaud Delapré ◽  
Vincent Debat ◽  
Raphaël Cornette
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Native Populations

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity has been repeatedly suggested to facilitate adaptation to new environmental conditions, as in invasions. Here we investigate this possibility by focusing on the worldwide invasion of Drosophila suzukii: an invasive species that has rapidly colonized all continents over the last decade. This species is characterized by a highly developed ovipositor, allowing females to lay eggs through the skin of ripe fruits. Using a novel approach based on the combined use of SEM and photogrammetry, we quantified the ovipositor size and 3D shape, contrasting invasive and native populations raised at three different developmental temperatures. We found a small but significant effect of temperature and geographic origin on the ovipositor shape, showing the occurrence of both geographic differentiation and plasticity to temperature. The shape reaction norms are in turn strikingly similar among populations, suggesting very little difference in shape plasticity among invasive and native populations, and therefore rejecting the hypothesis of a particular role for plasticity of the ovipositor in the invasion success. Overall, the ovipositor shape seems to be a fairly robust trait, indicative of stabilizing selection. The large performance spectrum rather than the flexibility of the ovipositor would thus contribute to the success of D. suzukii worldwide invasion.

scholarly journals Butyl Rubber-Based Composite: Thermal Degradation and Prediction of Service Life Time 

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽  
Ennouri Triki ◽  
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
Metalworking Fluids ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Service Lifetime ◽  
Metalworking Fluid ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Different Temperatures

Butyl rubber-based composite (BRC) is one of the most popular materials for the fabrication of protective glove against chemical and mechanical risks. However, in many working places such as metal manufacturing or automotive mechanical services, its mechanical hazards usually appear together with metalworking fluids (MWFs). The presence of these contaminants, particularly at high temperature, could modify its properties due to the scission, the plasticization, the crosslinking of polymer network and thus led to severe modification of mechanical and physicochemical properties of material. This work aims to determine the effect of temperature and a metalworking fluid on mechanical behavior of butyl rubber composite dealing with crosslinking density, cohesion forces and elastic constant of BRC on the based on Mooney-Rivlin’s theory. The effect of temperature with and without MWFs on thermo dynamical properties and morphology of butyl membranes is also investigated. The prediction of service lifetime is then evaluated from extrapolation of Arrhenius plot at different temperatures.

scholarly journals Limited thermal plasticity and geographical divergence in the ovipositor of Drosophila suzukii

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191577
Author(s):  
Ceferino Varón-González ◽  
Antoine Fraimout ◽  
Arnaud Delapré ◽  
Vincent Debat ◽  
Raphaël Cornette
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Dimensional Shape

Phenotypic plasticity has been repeatedly suggested to facilitate adaptation to new environmental conditions, as in invasions. Here, we investigate this possibility by focusing on the worldwide invasion of Drosophila suzukii : an invasive species that has rapidly colonized all continents over the last decade. This species is characterized by a highly developed ovipositor, allowing females to lay eggs through the skin of ripe fruits. Using a novel approach based on the combined use of scanning electron microscopy and photogrammetry, we quantified the ovipositor size and three-dimensional shape, contrasting invasive and native populations raised at three different developmental temperatures. We found a small but significant effect of temperature and geographical origin on the ovipositor shape, showing the occurrence of both geographical differentiation and plasticity to temperature. The shape reaction norms are in turn strikingly similar among populations, suggesting very little difference in shape plasticity among invasive and native populations, and therefore rejecting the hypothesis of a particular role for the plasticity of the ovipositor in the invasion success. Overall, the ovipositor shape seems to be a fairly robust trait, indicative of stabilizing selection. The large performance spectrum rather than the flexibility of the ovipositor would thus contribute to the success of D. suzukii worldwide invasion.

Comparing apples and oranges (and blueberries and grapes): fruit type affects development and cold susceptibility of immature Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanira Jiménez-Padilla ◽  
Laura V. Ferguson ◽  
Brent J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Adult Body Size ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Diet Type

AbstractDrosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest on unripe soft-skinned fruits. We sought to determine (1) temperature treatments that could be used to kill immature D. suzukii in fruit or packaging and (2) whether development on different fruits led to differences in cold tolerance of immature D. suzukii. We reared animals from egg on a banana-based laboratory diet and diets made of apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen; Rosaceae), blueberry (Vaccinium Linnaeus; Ericaceae), cherry (Prunus avium Linnaeus; Rosaceae), grape (Vitis Linnaeus; Vitaceae), orange (Citrus × sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck; Rutaceae), raspberry (Rubus Linnaeus; Rosaceae), or strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne; Rosaceae) homogenate in agar and measured development time, adult body size, and cold tolerance. Diet type had complex effects on development time; in particular, D. suzukii reared on apple-based or blueberry-based diets developed more slowly to a smaller adult body size than those on other diets. Cold exposure killed eggs and both first and second instars. Survival of 24 hours at +4 °C by feeding third instars was lowest in blueberry and cherry. Five days at +0.6 °C killed all feeding third instars; this treatment is likely sufficient for targeting D. suzukii in fruit. Two hours at −5 °C or −6 °C killed all wandering third instars and pupae; this exposure could be sufficient for sanitation of packaging.

The effect of temperature on brood duration in three Halicarcinus species (Crustacea: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Anneke M. van den Brink ◽  
Colin. L. McLay ◽  
Andrew M. Hosie ◽  
Michael J. Dunnington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Determinate Growth

The effect of temperature on brood development was investigated for three intertidal hymenosomatid crabs: Halicarcinus cookii, H. varius and H. innominatus in Kaikoura, New Zealand. The duration of brood incubation decreased as temperature increased, as did the interbrood period. The duration of each stage of brood development also decreased with increased temperature, but the proportion of total incubation time for each stage remained relatively similar at different temperatures. Hymenosomatid crabs have determinate growth, but moult to maturity at different sizes, thereafter devoting most of their energy to reproduction. The number of broods a female could carry in her lifetime was estimated for each species. Halicarcinus cookii was estimated to be able to produce eight complete broods of 1146 eggs per lifetime, H. varius was estimated to be able to produce seven complete broods of 1051 eggs per lifetime and H. innominatus was estimated to be able to produce six complete broods of 1081 eggs per life time. With the predicted global temperature rise of 2°C in the next 50 years, the authors estimate that, for all three species, a female could produce one extra brood per lifetime (a 10–15% increase in fecundity depending on species), even more if crabs reach maturity faster, potentially leading to a significant population increase.

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