Acaricides impair prey location in a predatory phytoseiid mite

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Lima ◽  
H. K. V. Oliveira ◽  
J. W. S. Melo ◽  
M. G. C. Gondim Júnior ◽  
R. N. C. Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoseiid Mite ◽  
Prey Location

Temperature as a Proximate Factor in Orientation Behavior

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Response ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Size Segregation ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Prey Location ◽  
Proximate Factor ◽  
Species Specific

Temperature serves as a proximate factor (cue, guidepost, sign stimulus, or directive factor) affecting locomotor responses of fishes. Although temperature can also serve as an ultimate ecological factor, as in behavioral thermoregulation, nonthermal factors may in some cases provide the ultimate adaptive or ecological value of a temperature response; some examples are habitat selection, intraspecific size segregation, interspecific niche differentiation, isolating mechanisms, predator avoidance, prey location, escape reactions, and migrations (thermoperiodic, diel, seasonal, spawning). Conversely, nonthermal variables such as light intensity or water depth may act as accessory proximate factors in thermoregulation. In spawning migrations, thermal requirements of eggs and larvae may take precedence over the (often different) preferenda or optima of adults. Although thermal responses of fishes are largely innate and species specific, ontogenetic and other changes can occur. Since temperature can serve as an unconditioned reinforcer in operant conditioning, thermal responses are not limited to simple kineses or taxes. Nonthermal factors such as photoperiod, circadian rhythms, currents, social and biotic interactions, stresses, infections, or chemicals can affect thermal responses, and may account for some lack of conformity between laboratory preferenda and field distributions and behaviors. Key words: thermoregulation, orientation, preferendum, selection, preference, avoidance, behavior, temperature, fish, responses

Effects of vessel sound on oyster toadfish Opsanus tau calling behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
AG Mackiewicz ◽  
RL Putland ◽  
AF Mensinger
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Prey Location ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Passive Acoustic

In coastal waters, anthropogenic activity and its associated sound have been shown to negatively impact aquatic taxa that rely on sound signaling and reception for navigation, prey location, and intraspecific communication. The oyster toadfish Opsanus tau depends on acoustic communication for reproductive success, as males produce ‘boatwhistle’ calls to attract females to their nesting sites. However, it is unknown if in situ vessel sound impacts intraspecific communication in this species. Passive acoustic monitoring using a 4-hydrophone linear array was conducted in Eel Pond, a small harbor in Woods Hole, MA, USA, to monitor the calling behavior of male toadfish. The number of calls pre- and post-exposure to vessel sound was compared. Individual toadfish were localized, and their approximate sound level exposure was predicted using sound mapping. Following exposure to vessel sound, the number of calls significantly decreased compared to the number of calls pre-exposure, with vessel sound overlapping the frequency range of male toadfish boatwhistles. This study provides support that anthropogenic sound can negatively affect intraspecific communication and suggests that in situ vessel sound has the ability to mask boatwhistles and change the calling behavior of male toadfish. Masking could lead to a reduction in intraspecific communication and lower reproductive efficiency within the Eel Pond toadfish population.

Are wild insectivorous birds attracted to methyl-jasmonate-treated Pyrenean oak trees?

Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (13-15) ◽  
pp. 945-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Saavedra ◽  
Luisa Amo
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Insectivorous Birds ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Prey Location ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles

Abstract Plants emit herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) when they are attacked by herbivorous arthropods to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Previous studies have suggested that insectivorous birds can detect the HIPVs for prey location. The production of HIPVs is partly mediated by the jasmonic acid signalling pathway. Methyl jasmonate is one compound involved in the jasmonic acid signalling pathway. Therefore, spraying of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) solution on plants can induce the emission of volatiles similar to the HIPVs induced by herbivory. We performed two field experiments to test whether insectivorous adult birds are attracted to Pyrenean oak trees (Quercus pyrenaica) treated with MeJa solutions. We used artificial larvae to measure bird predation rate. There were no differences in the predation rates of plasticine larvae between control and MeJa treatments, suggesting that insectivorous birds were not attracted to trees treated with MeJa. We also tested whether blue tit nestlings without previous experience in foraging respond to the scent of Pyrenean oak tree leaves treated with MeJa, to test whether the attraction to MeJa-treated trees is innate. A similar number of nestlings performed begging responses when exposed to the scent of leaves of MeJa-treated trees compared to the scent of leaves of control untreated trees. Furthermore, the duration of the first begging was similar in response to the volatiles emitted by MeJa-treated trees and untreated trees. Despite previous evidence suggesting that insectivorous birds are attracted to HIPVs, our results show that neither insectivorous adult birds nor inexperienced nestlings were attracted to trees treated with MeJa. Further studies are needed to disentangle whether the differences in the emission of volatiles between herbivore-infested trees and MeJa-treated trees can explain this lack of attraction to MeJa-treated Pyrenean oak trees.

Privacy-Dangers and Protections

2008 ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Fire Services ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Prey Location ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Potential Customers

It is no wonder that the average citizen is concerned about the difficulty of guarding one’s privacy. Now, your own cell phone can reveal your ever-changing whereabouts by means of “location technology” (Lagesse, 2003). Chips that receive coordinates from global positioning satellites now make it possible to locate persons, cars, merchandise, in short, whatever we value. Like most new technology, it is easy to see advantages as well as drawbacks. Some positives of location technology are that ambulances, police and fire services can reach victims more quickly; driving suggestions can be delivered in real time to motorists (thus helping to avoid traffic tie-ups and prevent getting lost); advertisers can inform potential customers of the existence of a nearby hotel, store or restaurant; stores utilizing RFID (see the KEY TERMS section for explanations of possibly unfamiliar terms) can trace merchandise movement to reduce waste, replenish inventory, and stem shoplifting. Some negatives are that nefarious agents can also use location technology to track their prey; location-tracking history can be subpoenaed by one’s legal adversaries; and it is inevitable that corporations and government will have an interest in conducting such monitoring (Griffin & Whitehead, 2001, 2002).

Privacy-Dangers and Protections

2005 ◽  
pp. 2308-2313
Author(s):  
Willian H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Fire Services ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Prey Location ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Potential Customers

It is no wonder that the average citizen is concerned about the difficulty of guarding one’s privacy. Now, your own cell phone can reveal your ever-changing whereabouts by means of “location technology” (Lagesse, 2003). Chips that receive coordinates from global positioning satellites now make it possible to locate persons, cars, merchandise, in short, whatever we value. Like most new technology, it is easy to see advantages as well as drawbacks. Some positives of location technology are that ambulances, police and fire services can reach victims more quickly; driving suggestions can be delivered in real time to motorists (thus helping to avoid traffic tie-ups and prevent getting lost); advertisers can inform potential customers of the existence of a nearby hotel, store or restaurant; stores utilizing RFID (see the KEY TERMS section for explanations of possibly unfamiliar terms) can trace merchandise movement to reduce waste, replenish inventory, and stem shoplifting. Some negatives are that nefarious agents can also use location technology to track their prey; location-tracking history can be subpoenaed by one’s legal adversaries; and it is inevitable that corporations and government will have an interest in conducting such monitoring (Griffin & Whitehead, 2001, 2002).

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