MORE MISSING WOMEN, FEWER DYING GIRLS: THE IMPACT OF SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION ON SEX AT BIRTH AND RELATIVE FEMALE MORTALITY IN TAIWAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jen Lin ◽  
Jin-Tan Liu ◽  
Nancy Qian
Keyword(s):  
Female Mortality ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Missing Women ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sex ratios and ‘missing women’ among Asian minority and migrant populations in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A retrospective cohort analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Simon-Kumar ◽  
Janine Paynter ◽  
Annie Chiang ◽  
Nimisha Chabba
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
List Type ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Missing Women

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent research from the UK, USA, Australia, and Canada point to male-favouring Sex Ratios at Birth (SRB) among their Asian minority populations, attributed to son preference and sex-selective abortion within these cultural groups. The present study conducts a similar investigation of SRBs among New Zealand’s Asian minority and migrant populations, who comprise 15% of the population.MethodsThe New Zealand historical census series between 1976-2013 was used to examine SRBs between ages 0-5 by ethnicity. A retrospective birth cohort in New Zealand was created using the Stats NZ Integrated Data Infrastructure from 2003-2018. A logistic regression was conducted and adjusted for selected variables of interest including visa group, parity, maternal age and deprivation. Finally, associations between family size, ethnicity and family gender composition were examined in a subset of this cohort (families with 2 or 3 children).ResultsThere was no evidence of ‘missing women’ or gender bias as indicated by a deviation from the biological norm in New Zealand’s Asian population. However, Indian and Chinese families were significantly more likely to have a third child if their first two children were females compared to two male children.ConclusionThe analyses did not reveal male-favouring SRBs or any conclusive evidence of sex-selective abortion among Indian and Chinese populations. Based on this data, we conclude that in comparison to other western countries, New Zealand’s Asian migrant populations presents as an anomaly. The larger family sizes for Indian and Chinese populations where the first two children were girls suggested potentially ‘soft’ practices of son preference.WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT-There are discrepancies in Sex Ratios at Birth (SRB) among the Asian minority migrant populations – particularly Indian and Chinese populations –in countries like Canada, UK, USA. SRBs show a pronounced number of males over female children, suggesting a widespread practice of sex-selective abortions in these communities since the 1970s.-These trends implicitly reflect social norms of gender bias through son preference, and daughter devaluation.WHAT IS BEING ADDED-The present study did not find evidence of skewed SRBs that favour boys over girls among Asian ethnicities. The analyses however did find a tendency for Indian and Chinese families to have larger families especially when the first two children were girls.-Overall, the findings suggest the absence of widespread practices of sex-selective abortion making New Zealand an anomaly relative to other migrant-receiving countries. However, there are still vestiges of son preference that are seen through decisions around family size and gender composition.

scholarly journals Fertility Decline and Missing Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Jayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Missing Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male To Female

The desire for smaller families is conjectured as one reason the male-to-female sex ratio has increased with economic development in several countries. Families that strongly want at least one son are less likely to obtain him by chance at low fertility, which could increase their use of sex-selective abortion. This paper quantifies the relationship between desired fertility and the sex ratio in India by eliciting sex composition preferences at specified fertility levels. I find that the desired sex ratio increases sharply as fertility falls and that fertility decline explains one third to one half of India's recent sex ratio increase. (JEL I21, J13, J16, O15, O18)

THE IMPACT OF THE STOPPING RULE ON SEX RATIO OF LAST BIRTHS IN VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
BANG NGUYEN PHAM ◽  
TIMOTHY ADAIR ◽  
PETER S. HILL ◽  
CHALAPATI RAO
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Stopping Rule ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Female Birth ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study examines the hypothesis that the stopping rule – a traditional postnatal sex selection method where couples decide to cease childbearing once they bear a son – plays a role in high sex ratio of last births (SRLB). The study develops a theoretical framework to demonstrate the operation of the stopping rule in a context of son preference. This framework was used to demonstrate the impact of the stopping rule on the SRLB in Vietnam, using data from the Population Change Survey 2006. The SRLB of Vietnam was high at the level of 130 in the period 1970–2006, and particularly in the period 1986–1995, when sex-selective abortion was not available. Women were 21% more likely to stop childbearing after a male birth compared with a female birth. The SRLB was highest at parity 2 (138.7), particularly in rural areas (153.5), and extremely high (181.9) when the previous birth was female. Given the declining fertility, the stopping rule has a potential synergistic effect with sex-selective abortion to accentuate a trend of one-son families in the population.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH INDIA DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH�DOWRY DEATHS�

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-147
Author(s):  
Jusmalia Oktaviani ◽  
Siti Muti'ah Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
State Government ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Indian Central ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Ultrasound Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study explains about the policy of the Indian governmentin addressing the problem of �dowry deaths� in India. Dowrydeaths itself is a term for a murder or violence against wives inwhich performed by the husband or the husband's familybecause of the inability of the wife to meet the demand of payingthe dowry. The impact of the tradition of giving dowry is not onlythe death of the wives, but also the impact on the discriminationover the women and selective abortion of female fetuses. Thenumber of victims of dowry death reached more than 8000deaths per year.The phenomenon of dowry deaths required the Indiangovernment to intervene to resolve the issue. Indian governmenthave managed to make some policies, it covers the application ofthe rules of prohibiting dowry in the marriage that began with theDowry Prohibition Act of 1961, that punish the offender of dowrydeath with the threat of no less than seven years in prison; andalso, some policies to provide financial incentives to daughter, toprohibit the sex-selective abortion to female fetuses. In addition,the Indian central government's policy is also supported by theinitiative of the state government to initiate several relatedpolicies such as banning ultrasound technology, forbiddingabortion, as well as providing incentives to girls, and variousother policies. Although the government has been implementingvarious policies, but the weakness of law enforcement caused bythe strong patriarchal culture in society is one reason why thesepolicies are less effective in preventing loss of life because of'dowry deaths'.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the Indian Supreme Court Judgment on Sex-Selective Abortion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sital Kalantry
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian Supreme Court ◽  
The Impact

Lawyers bring public interest litigation cases (“PIL”) to the Indian Supreme Court seeking many different types of remedies, including to prevent the construction of power plants that may damage the environment or to prevent violations of rights of a group of people. The Indian Supreme Court (the “Supreme Court” or “Court”) sometimes responds by creating guidelines like what the executive branch might do. But in many PIL cases, litigants are not asking for the creating of new rules, but instead they are simply asking the Supreme Court to encourage the government to amend, implement, and enforce laws that already exist.

Hi-tech Sexism? Evidence from Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmul Hoque ◽  
Bryan L. Boulier
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
China And India ◽  
Missing Women

AbstractWith the advent of modern technology for fetal sex determination, selective abortion is found to be responsible for a significant number of “missing women” in countries like China and India. Using a competing risk hazard model, we investigate whether son preference translates into selective abortion and accounts for any of the “missing women” in Bangladesh. Data suggest that son preference leads to shorter birth intervals if previous births are girls. For example, if the first birth is a girl, the odds of having another child each quarter is about 15% higher and the birth interval is about 2 months shorter for more educated urban women in recent years (1990–2011). However, there is no evidence that selective abortion contributes to missing women in Bangladesh.

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