scholarly journals Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlin Long ◽  
Tengyue Hu ◽  
Liqin Liu ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Qiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
N95 Respirators

scholarly journals Prevalence of diabetes in the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Badawi ◽  
Sueng Gwan Ryoo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Over the past two decades a number of severe acute respiratory infection outbreaks such as the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have emerged and presented a considerable global public health threat. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are more susceptible to these conditions. However, the prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 and MERS-CoV has not been systematically described. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports documenting the prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 and MERS-CoV and compare its frequency in the two viral conditions. Meta-analysis for the proportions of subjects with diabetes was carried out in 29 studies for H1N1 (n=92,948) and 9 for MERS-CoV (n=308). Average age of H1N1 patients (36.2±6.0 years) was significantly younger than that of subjects with MERS-CoV (54.3±7.4 years, P<0.05). Compared to MERS-CoV patients, subjects with H1N1 exhibited 3-fold lower frequency of cardiovascular diseases and 2- and 4-fold higher prevalence of obesity and immunosuppression, respectively. The overall prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 was 14.6% (95% CI: 12.3- 17.0%; P<0.001), a 3.6-fold lower than in MERS-CoV (54.4%; 95% CI: 29.4-79.5; P<0.001). The prevalence of diabetes among H1N1 cases from Asia and North America was ~two-fold higher than those from South America and Europe. The prevalence of diabetes in MERS-CoV cases is higher than in H1N1. Regional comparisons suggest that an etiologic role of diabetes in MERS-CoV may exist distinctive from that in H1N1.

scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Human Infection With Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shengjie Lai ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Poultry Workers ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Background The extent of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, including mild and asymptomatic infections, is uncertain. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of serosurveys for avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in humans published during 2013–2020. Three seropositive definitions were assessed to estimate pooled seroprevalence, seroconversion rate, and seroincidence by types of exposures. We applied a scoring system to assess the quality of included studies. Results Of 31 included studies, pooled seroprevalence of A(H7N9) virus antibodies from all participants was 0.02%, with poultry workers, close contacts, and general populations having seroprevalence of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.02%, respectively, based on the World Health Organization (WHO)—recommended definition. Although most infections were asymptomatic, evidence of infection was highest in poultry workers (5% seroconversion, 19.1% seroincidence per 100 person-years). Use of different virus clades did not significantly affect seroprevalence estimates. Most serological studies were of low to moderate quality and did not follow standardized seroepidemiological protocols or WHO-recommended laboratory methods. Conclusions Human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been uncommon, especially for general populations. Workers with occupational exposures to poultry and close contacts of A(H7N9) human cases had low risks of infection.

scholarly journals Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411
Author(s):  
Annie Kalonda ◽  
Marvin Phonera ◽  
Ngonda Saasa ◽  
Masahiro Kajihara ◽  
Catherine G. Sutcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza D virus (IDV) in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa. PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS) were searched for studies on IAV and IDV from 2000 to 2020. Pooled prevalence and seroprevalences were estimated using the quality effects meta-analysis model. The estimated pooled prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in pigs in Africa was 1.6% (95% CI: 0–5%) and 14.9% (95% CI: 5–28%), respectively. The seroprevalence of IDV was 87.2% (95% CI: 24–100%) in camels, 9.3% (95% CI: 0–24%) in cattle, 2.2% (95% CI: 0–4%) in small ruminants and 0.0% (95% CI: 0–2%) in pigs. In pigs, H1N1 and H1N1pdm09 IAVs were commonly detected. Notably, the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was also detected in pigs. Other subtypes detected serologically and/or virologically included H3N8 and H7N7 in equids, H1N1, and H3N8 and H5N1 in dogs and cats. Furthermore, various wildlife animals were exposed to different IAV subtypes. For prudent mitigation of influenza epizootics and possible human infections, influenza surveillance efforts in Africa should not neglect non-human mammalian hosts. The impact of IAV and IDV in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa deserves further investigation.

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisation due to influenza in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicki L Boddington ◽  
Isabelle Pearson ◽  
Heather Whitaker ◽  
Punam Mangtani ◽  
Richard G Pebody
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Abstract This systematic review assesses the literature for estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalisation in children. Studies of any design to 08 June 2020 were included if the outcome was hospitalisation, participants were 17 years old or less and influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed. A random-effects meta-analysis of 37 studies that used a test-negative design gave a pooled seasonal IVE against hospitalisation of 53.3% (47.2-58.8) for any influenza. IVE was higher against influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (68.7%, 56.9-77.2) and lowest against influenza A/H3N2 (35.8%, 23.4-46.3). Estimates by vaccine type ranged from 44.3% (30.1-55.7) for LAIV to 68.9% (53.6-79.2) for inactivated vaccines. IVE estimates were higher in seasons when the circulating influenza strains were antigenically matched to vaccine strains (59.3%, 48.3-68.0). Influenza vaccination gives moderate overall protection against influenza-associated hospitalisation in children supporting annual vaccination. IVE varies by influenza subtype and vaccine type.

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