The evolution of flower longevity in unpredictable pollination environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuangyi Xu ◽  
Maria R. Servedio
Keyword(s):  
Flower Longevity

Fluoride Injury to Cut `Samantha' Roses May Be Reduced by Pulsing with Calcium Nitrate

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1270-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline H. Pearson-Mims ◽  
Virginia I. Lohr
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Nitrate Pulse ◽  
Solution Uptake ◽  
Preservative Solutions

Cut `Samantha' roses (Rosa hybrida L.) were placed in deionized water or a 20-mm Ca(NO3)2 pulsing solution for 72 hours. Flowers then were held in preservative solutions containing 0 or 4 mg fluoride/liter. Fresh weight gain, solution uptake, degree of flower opening, and flower longevity were reduced in the presence of fluoride in the holding solution. Visual symptoms of injury and reduced flower quality also were noted in treatments with fluoride. Pulsing improved fresh weight gain and degree of opening of flowers held in solutions containing fluoride. Pulsing also delayed the onset of visual symptoms of fluoride injury. Water uptake for flowers that were pulsed and exposed to fluoride was not different from uptake for flowers exposed to fluoride alone. Flower longevity for roses in all treatments was increased by using the calcium nitrate pulse, but pulsed flowers in fluoride did not survive as long as the control flowers.

scholarly journals Flowering Phenology Adjustment and Flower Longevity in a South American Alpine Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Mary T. K. Arroyo ◽  
Ítalo Tamburrino ◽  
Patricio Pliscoff ◽  
Valeria Robles ◽  
Maria Colldecarrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Passive Warming ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Flowering Onset

Delayed flowering due to later snowmelt and colder temperatures at higher elevations in the alpine are expected to lead to flowering phenological adjustment to prevent decoupling of peak flowering from the warmest time of the year, thereby favoring pollination. However, even if flowering is brought forward in the season at higher elevations, an elevational temperature gap is likely to remain between the high- and low-elevation populations of a species at the time these reach peak flowering on account of the atmospheric reduction in temperature with increasing elevation. The negative effect of this temperature gap on pollination could be compensated by plastically-prolonged flower life spans at higher elevations, increasing the probability of pollination. In a tightly temperature-controlled study, the flowering phenology adjustment and flower longevity compensation hypotheses were investigated in an alpine species in the Andes of central Chile. The snow free period varied from 7 to 8.2 months over 810 m elevation. Temperatures were suitable for growth on 82–98% of the snow free days. Flowering onset was temporally displaced at the rate of 4.6 d per 100 m increase in elevation and flowering was more synchronous at higher elevations. Flowering phenology was adjusted over elevation. The latter was manifest in thermal sums tending to decrease with elevation for population flowering onset, 50% flowering, and peak flowering when the lower thermal limit for growth (TBASE) was held constant over elevation. For TBASE graded over elevation so as to reflect the growing season temperature decline, thermal sums did not vary with elevation, opening the door to a possible elevational decline in the thermal temperature threshold for growth. Potential flower longevity was reduced by passive warming and was more prolonged in natural populations when temperatures were lower, indicating a plastic trait. Pollination rates, as evaluated with the Relative Pollination Rate index (RPR), when weighted for differences in floral abundance over the flowering season, declined with elevation as did fruit set. Contrary to expectation, the life-spans of flowers at higher elevations were not more prolonged and failed to compensate for the elevational decrease in pollination rates. Although strong evidence for phenological adjustment was forthcoming, flower longevity compensation did not occur over Oxalis squamata’s elevational range. Thus, flower longevity compensation is not applicable in all alpine species. Comparison with work conducted several decades ago on the same species in the same area provides valuable clues regarding the effects of climate change on flowering phenology and fitness in the central Chilean alpine where temperatures have been increasing and winter snow accumulation has been declining.

scholarly journals Exogenous 5-azaCitidine accelerates flowering and external GA3 increases ornamental value in Iranian Anemone accessions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Yari ◽  
Zeynab Roein ◽  
Atefeh Sabouri
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe Anemone genus is a tuberous geophyte which undergoes a dormancy period during unfavorable environmental conditions for growth. Five species of the Anemone genus naturally grow in several regions of Iran. The diverse uses of Anemone in gardens for landscaping, cut flowers, and potted plants indicate its high ornamental potential. Its dormancy and flowering are influenced by various factors. The present paper was conducted to explore the flowering behavior of Anemone accessions in response to different pre-treatments. For this purpose, tubers of 18 Anemone accessions (A. coronaria and A. biflora) were collected from natural regions of six provinces in Iran. These tubers were subjected to different conditions of non-chilling (20 °C, 90 days), chilling (4 °C, 90 days), GA3 (150 mgL-1; 24 h), and 5-azaCitidine (5-azaC; 40 µM; 24 h) prior to the cultivation. Most of the accessions were able to enter the flowering stage without chilling. The shortest period for the sprouting of tubers (16.89 ± 7.83 days) belonged to 5-azaC pre-treatment. In addition, this treatment accelerated the flowering time (about 30 days earlier) and diameter of the stem, bud, and flower. Morphological characteristics, such as stem height, number of leaves, bud, and petal and the longevity of flowers on the plant were significantly affected by GA3 pre-treatment. Our results indicated a positive correlation between flower length, stem height, and stem diameter with flower longevity under different pre-treatment conditions. The present study demonstrated that accessions Anm3, Anm12, and Anm18 had ornamental values higher than the population mean across four conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Temperature on Aster Flower Development

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oren-Shamir ◽  
L. Shaked-Sachray ◽  
A. Nissim-Levi ◽  
D. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Lower Temperature

Little is known about the effect of growth temperature on Aster (Compositae, Asteraceae) flower development. In this study, we report on this effect for two aster lines, `Suntana' and `Sungal'. Growth temperature had a dramatic effect on the duration of flower development, ranging from 22 days for plants growing at 29 °C up to 32 days for plants grown at 17 °C. Flower longevity was ≈40% shorter under the higher temperature for both lines. Growth temperature also affected flowerhead form: `Suntana' flowerhead diameter was 20% larger at 17 °C than at 29 °C. The number of `Sungal' florets per flowerhead was four times greater at the lower temperature. Shading (30%) under temperature-controlled conditions had no effect on any of the parameters measured. For plants grown outdoors, our results suggest that shading plants may increase quality by reducing the growth temperature.

scholarly journals Gibberellin4+7, Benzyladenine, and Supplemental Light Improve Postharvest Leaf and Flower Quality of Cold-stored `Stargazer' Hybrid Lilies

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Bud Opening ◽  
Flower Quality

Experiments were conducted to evaluate storage temperature, storage irradiance and prestorage foliar sprays of gibberellin, cytokinin or both on postharvest quality of Oriental hybrid lilies (Lilium sp. `Stargazer'). Cold storage of puffy bud stage plants at 4, 7, or 10 °C in dark for 2 weeks induced leaf chlorosis within 4 days in a simulated consumer environment, and resulted in 60% leaf chlorosis and 40% leaf abscission by 20 days. Cold storage also reduced the duration to flower bud opening (days from the end of cold storage till the last flower bud opened), inflorescence and flower longevity, and increased flower bud abortion. Storage at 1 °C resulted in severe leaf injury and 100% bud abortion. Providing light up to 40 μmol·m-2·s-1 during cold storage at 4 °C significantly delayed leaf chlorosis and abscission and increased the duration of flower bud opening, inflorescence and flower longevity, and reduced bud abortion. Application of hormone sprays before cold storage affected leaf and flower quality. ProVide (100 mg·L-1 GA4+7) and Promalin (100 mg·L-1 each GA4+7 and benzyladenine (BA)) effectively prevented leaf chlorosis and abscission at 4 °C while ProGibb (100 mg·L-1 GA3) and ABG-3062 (100 mg·L-1 BA) did not. Accel (10 mg·L-1 GA4+7 and 100 mg·L-1 BA) showed intermediate effects on leaf chlorosis. Flower longevity was increased and bud abortion was prevented by all hormone formulations except ProGibb. The combination of light (40 μmol·m-2·s-1) and Promalin (100 mg·L-1 each GA4+7 and BA) completely prevented cold storage induced leaf chlorosis and abscission.

scholarly journals Relationships of flower longevity with attractiveness traits and their effects on female fitness of alpine meadow plants on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-915
Author(s):  
Yu-Xian WANG ◽  
Meng HOU ◽  
Yan-Yan XIE ◽  
Zuo-Jun LIU ◽  
Zhi-Gang ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Xizang Plateau

scholarly journals Ancymidol Drenches, Reversed Greenhouse Temperatures, Postgreenhouse Cold Storage, and Hormone Sprays Affect Postharvest Leaf Chlorosis in Easter Lily

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
William B. Miller ◽  
Terri I. Kirk ◽  
P. Allen Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Severe Leaf

The interactions of ancymidol drenches, postgreenhouse cold storage, and hormone sprays on postharvest leaf chlorosis and flower longevity of `Nellie White' Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) were investigated. Ancymidol drenches (0.5 mg/plant twice) during early growth resulted in leaf chlorosis in the greenhouse which intensified further during postharvest. Cold storage (4 °C) of puffy bud stage plants for 2 weeks also accelerated leaf chlorosis. The combination of ancymidol treatment with cold storage resulted in the most severe leaf chlorosis. Promalin (GA4+7 and BA each at 100 mg·L-1) sprays completely prevented postharvest leaf chlorosis, whereas ProGibb (GA3 at 1000 mg·L-1) was ineffective. Cold storage reduced flower longevity and increased bud abortion, however, the degree of bud abortion varied among experiments in different years. Both ProGibb and Promalin sprays increased flower longevity. Compared to positive DIF (difference between day and night temperature) grown plants, forcing under negative DIF (-8 °C) increased the severity of postharvest leaf chlorosis. Leaves were sampled from basal, middle, and upper sections of the stem after 4 and 12 days in a postharvest evaluation room, and analyzed for soluble carbohydrates and N. Total leaf soluble carbohydrates and N concentrations were less in basal and middle sections of negative DIF-grown plants than in positive DIF-grown plants. Leaf chlorosis was associated with depletion of soluble carbohydrates and N in the leaves. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); gibberellic acid (GA3); gibberellins A4A7 (GA4+7); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine 6-amine (benzyladenine).

Petunia flower longevity: the role of sensitivity to ethylene

1993 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Porat ◽  
Y. Reuveny ◽  
A. Borochov ◽  
A. H. Halevy
Keyword(s):  
Flower Longevity
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