Fluctuating selection driven by global and local climatic conditions leads to stasis in breeding time in a migratory bird

The ecology and distribution of the Indian crested porcupines in the fauna of Artsakh

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF KAZAKHSTAN ◽

10.52301/1684-940x-2021-3-53-60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

V.T. Ayrapetyan ◽

A.Dzh. Minasyan

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

Population Changes ◽

Breeding Time ◽

Clear Idea ◽

Vertical Zoning

In the fauna of Artsakh, there is no information on the order of rodents, especially on porcupines, that can give a clear idea of the distribution, ecology and biology of these animals. The data presented in the literature are either fragmentary or outdated and incomplete. Thereby, the results of research carried out by us in the foothill and mountain zones of the Askeran, Martakert, Karvachar and Kashatag regions of Artsakh in the period of 1999-2020 are presented in the article. The paper discusses the dynamics of the porcupine population, changes and their causes, the habitat of these animals and the distribution of their nests, humidity and temperature in the nests. Particular attention is paid to the types of their daily and seasonal activities, depending on climatic conditions and temperature. The article presents the breeding time of porcupines, the dependence on vertical zoning, the composition of forages and their changes depending on the season.

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Annual variation in long-distance dispersal driven by breeding and non-breeding season climatic conditions in a migratory bird

Ecography ◽

10.1111/ecog.01196 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1006-1014 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Clark S. Rushing ◽

Michele R. Dudash ◽

Colin E. Studds ◽

Peter P. Marra

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Annual Variation ◽

Migratory Bird ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Long Distance Dispersal ◽

Long Distance

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Adjustment of the annual cycle to climatic change in a long-lived migratory bird species

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/55.2.92 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 92-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. P. Møller ◽

E. Flensted-Jensen ◽

W. Mardal

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Annual Cycle ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Bird Species ◽

Selective Advantage ◽

Migratory Bird ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arrival Date ◽

Breeding Date

Abstract Climate change has advanced the phenology of many organisms. Migratory animals face particular problems because climate change in the breeding and the wintering range may be asynchronous, preventing rapid response to changing conditions. Advancement in timing of spring migration may have carry-over effects to other parts of the annual cycle, simply because advancement of one event in the annual cycle also advances subsequent events, gradually causing a general shift in the timing of the entire annual cycle. Such a phenotypic shift could generate accumulating effects over the years for individuals, but also across generations. Here we test this novel hypothesis of phenotypic response to climate change by using long-term data on the Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea. Mean breeding date advanced by almost three weeks during the last 70 years. Annual arrival date at the breeding grounds during a period of 47 years was predicted by environmental conditions in the winter quarters in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic and by mean breeding date the previous year. Annual mean breeding date was only margiually determined by timing of arrival the current year, but to a larger extent by arrival date and breeding date the previous year. Learning affected arrival date as shown by a positive correlation between arrival date in year (i + 1) relative to breeding date in year (i) and the selective advantage of early breeding in year (i). This provides a mechanism for changes in arrival date being adjusted to changing environmental conditions. This study suggests that adaptation to changing climatic conditions can be achieved through learning from year to year.

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Seasonal niche tracking of climate emerges at the population level in a migratory bird

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2020.1799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 287 (1935) ◽

pp. 20201799

Author(s):

Guillermo Fandos ◽

Shay Rotics ◽

Nir Sapir ◽

Wolfgang Fiedler ◽

Michael Kaatz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Population Level ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Niche Overlap ◽

Migratory Bird ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Species Level ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Climate Conditions

Seasonal animal migration is a widespread phenomenon. At the species level, it has been shown that many migratory animal species track similar climatic conditions throughout the year. However, it remains unclear whether such a niche tracking pattern is a direct consequence of individual behaviour or emerges at the population or species level through behavioural variability. Here, we estimated seasonal niche overlap and seasonal niche tracking at the individual and population level of central European white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ). We quantified niche tracking for both weather and climate conditions to control for the different spatio-temporal scales over which ecological processes may operate. Our results indicate that niche tracking is a bottom-up process. Individuals mainly track weather conditions while climatic niche tracking mainly emerges at the population level. This result may be partially explained by a high degree of intra- and inter-individual variation in niche overlap between seasons. Understanding how migratory individuals, populations and species respond to seasonal environments is key for anticipating the impacts of global environmental changes.

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The genetic-selection improvement of approaches to the study of the fruit cultures adaptation to the stresses of the spring and summer period

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202502002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 02002

Author(s):

Anna Kuznetsova ◽

Irina Dragavtseva ◽

Sergey Shcheglov ◽

Anna Drygina ◽

Vera Nikolenko

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Genetic Selection ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Summer Period ◽

Temperature Stresses ◽

Local Fluctuations ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Kuban River ◽

Global And Local

The happening global and local fluctuations of climate caused the changes in manifestation of the temperature stresses in the plants in terms of their strength and time of occurrence in vegetation period. The most regions of the south of Russia (especially in the plain territories) experienced warming of climate, and the temperature stresses began to appear more frequently in spring and in summer. With an aim to analyze the direction of change in temperature regime the structure and spectrums of variability in the mean-diurnal fluctuations of the maximum and minimum temperatures of air were studied for a long period (1950-2019) in the Kuban river horticulture zone of Krasnodar Territory. The defense and adaptive reactions of the sweet cherry varieties (in their drought resistance) to the change in external environment limits were brought to light. The yielding capacity of the genotypes of plants was studied from position of their response to the temperature stresses. The obtained results permitted to identify the varieties of sweet cherry, resistant to the stresses of the spring and summer period, when they are grown in conditions of the higher temperatures and considerable moisture deficit. The results of work will be helpful in control of the sweet cherry varieties productivity on the basis of knowledge on manifestation of the varieties’ genetic peculiarities in their phenotype in the new climatic conditions.

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Annual climatic fluctuations and short-term genetic variation in the eastern spadefoot toad

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92696-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Orly Cohen ◽

Yoav Ram ◽

Lilach Hadany ◽

Sarig Gafny ◽

Eli Geffen

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variations ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Short Term ◽

Fluctuating Selection ◽

Climatic Fluctuations ◽

Climate Fluctuations ◽

Spadefoot Toad ◽

Allelic Composition ◽

Short And Long Term

AbstractIn addition to variations on the spatial scale, short- and long-term temporal variations, too, can impose intense selection on the overall genetic diversity and composition of a population. We hypothesized that the allelic composition in populations of the eastern spadefoot toad (Pelobates syriacus) would change among successive years in accordance with the short-term changes in environmental conditions. Surprisingly, the effect of short-term climate fluctuations on genetic composition have rarely been addressed in the literature, and to our knowledge the effect of annual climatic fluctuations have not been considered meaningful. Our findings show that climatic variation among successive years, primarily the amount of rainfall and rainy days, can significantly alter both microsatellite allelic composition and diversity. We suggest that environmental (i.e. fluctuating) selection is differential across the globe, and that its intensity is expected to be greatest in regions where short-term climatic conditions are least stable.

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Sunspot Groups as Tracers of Sub-Surface Processes

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064393 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

M. H. Gokhale

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Flux ◽

Indian Institute ◽

Surface Processes ◽

The Sun ◽

Global And Local ◽

Sunspot Groups

AbstractData on sunspot groups have been quite useful for obtaining clues to several processes on global and local scales within the sun which lead to emergence of toroidal magnetic flux above the sun’s surface. I present here a report on such studies carried out at Indian Institute of Astrophysics during the last decade or so.

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