scholarly journals Animal chromosome counts reveal a similar range of chromosome numbers but with less polyploidy in animals compared to flowering plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Román‐Palacios ◽  
Cesar A. Medina ◽  
Shing H. Zhan ◽  
Michael S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Similar Range

scholarly journals Animal chromosome counts reveal similar range of chromosome numbers but with less polyploidy in animals compared to flowering plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Román-Palacios ◽  
Cesar A. Medina ◽  
Shing H. Zhan ◽  
Michael S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Remarkable Similarity ◽  
Similar Range

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that underlie chromosome evolution may provide insights into the processes underpinning the origin, persistence, and evolutionary tempo of lineages. Here we present the first database of chromosome counts for animals (the Animal Chromosome Count database, ACC) summarizing chromosome numbers for ∼18,000 species. We found remarkable similarity in the distribution of chromosome counts between animals and flowering plants. At larger timescales, selection towards a specific range might explain the similar distribution of chromosome counts between these two groups. Nevertheless, changes in chromosome number are still potential drivers of divergence among species at shorter timescales. We also found that while animals and plants exhibit similar frequencies of speciation-related changes in chromosome number, plant speciation is more often related to changes in ploidy. Based on the ACC, our analyses suggest that changes in chromosome number alone could help explain patterns of diversity within animal clades.

scholarly journals Diversity of bulbous monocots in Turkey with special reference. Chromosome numbers

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neriman Özhatay
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Flora Of Turkey ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The World

Turkey is among the richest countries in the world in terms of plant diversity. The aim of this paper is to show diversity of the petaloid and bulbous plants, which belong to monocotyledones. According to Flora of Turkey and its supplements, the number of species of bulbous monocotyledones is around 688, of which 244 are endemic (endemism 35.4 %). According to the statistical data of Turkish flowering plants based on the published records, only 15 % of the flora have information about chromosome counts, although bulbous monocots percentage is higher at 58 %. Fritillaria and Tulipa are stable genera as regards chromosome numbers with 2n = 24 and karyotype; on the other hand, the most variable genera are Crocus (2n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 70) and Ornithogalum (2n = 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 32, 40, 45, 54, 60, 80).

scholarly journals CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF SOME FLOWERING PLANTS OF SPAIN AND S. FRANCE

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH. W. J. GADELLA ◽  
E. KLIPHUIS ◽  
E. A. MENNEGA
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Flowering Plants

Chromosome numbers, meiotic behavior, and notes on tropical American grasses (Gramineae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
Richard W. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Counts

Chromosome numbers and meiotic behavior are reported for 126 collections of grasses representing 50 genera and 111 species. First counts are given for the genera Leptothrium, n = 10, and Cryptochloa, 2n = 22 (somatic count). First chromosome counts are given for the following 25 species: Aristida recurvata, n = 11; Axonopus laxus, n = 20; Chloris mollis, n = 20; Chusquea longifolia, n = 20; Cryptochloa concinna, 2n = 22; Digitaria abyssinica, n = 18; Eragrostis airoides, n = 36; E. guianensis, n = 10; Eriochloa boxiana, n = 18; Gymnopogon foliosus, n = 10; Leptothrium rigidum, n = 10; Luziola pittieri, n = 12; L. spruceana, n = 24; Otachyrium inaequale, n = 10; Panicum cayennense, n = 27; P. chloroticiun, n = 18; P. schiffneri, n = 18; Pappophorum pappiferum, n = 30; Paspalum apiculatum, n = 10; P. arundinaceum, n = 30; P. contractum, n = 9; P. coryphaeum, n = 30; P. trachycoleon, n = 20; Setaria barbata, n = 27; and Trisetum foliosum, n = 28. Counts that differ from previously reported counts are given for the following 15 species: Axonopus chrysoblepharis, n = 10; Cenchrus brownii, n = 34; Digitaria horizontalis, n = 9, 27; Echinolaena gracilis, n = 10; Euclasta condylotricha, n = 10; Hyperthelia dissoluta, n = ca. 30; Ischaemum guianense, n = 18; Microchloa indica, n = 12; Paspalum candidum, n = 10; P. melanospermum, n = 20; P. prostratum, n = 10; Rhytachne rottboellioides, n = 16; Setaria paniculifera, n = 16; Sorghastrum incompletum, n = 20; and Thrasya petrosa, n = 30. Changes in nomenclature are indicated for Digitaria species whose chromosome numbers were reported in our earlier publications.

New chromosome numbers for rutaceae

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Stace ◽  
JA Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

Chromosome counts for 30 taxa, representing five genera, are reported for Rutaceae subfamily Rutoideae, mostly in the Australasian tribe Boronieae. We found n = 10 for Boronia algida which is previously unreported in the genus, and a sterile triploid taxon in Zieria. Generic chromosome numbers of n = 18 in Zieria, n = 16 in Phebalium and n = 14 in Eriostemon sens. lat. occur, while Boronia shows cytoevolution on n = 18, 11, 10, 9. Pollen sterility and possible apomixis is indicated in some species. Some taxonomic implications of cytological data in the tribe Boronieae are discussed.

Breeding behavior and chromosome numbers among New Guinea and Java Impatiens species, cultivated varieties, and their interspecific hybrids

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. Beck ◽  
Jack L. Weigle ◽  
Eric W. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Counts

Impatiens crosses were made among the following: P.I. 349629 (Java), P.I. 349586 (New Guinea), I. Itolstii, and "Tangerine." All crosses were successful except those made with I. Itolstii. Chromosome counts were as follows: P.I. 349629 = 16, P.I. 349586 = 32, I. Itolstii = 16, and "Tangerine" = 8. Chromosome counts of the hybrids were midway between the respective parents. Cytological studies indicated a similarity in chromosome morphology and size among all parents except I. holslii. A new genome count of 4 is reported for the genus Impatiens indicating a ploidy series in which x = 4.

NEW CHROMOSOME COUNTS IN OLD WORLD GESNERIACEAE: NUMBERS FOR SPECIES HITHERTO REGARDED ASCHIRITA, AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Christie ◽  
S. Barber ◽  
M. Möller
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Old World ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Primulina Tabacum

Chromosome numbers were determined in 23 accessions representing 21 species hitherto belonging toChirita(Gesneriaceae), a genus that has recently been remodelled and split into five different genera:Damrongia,Henckelia,Liebigia,MicrochiritaandPrimulina. The previously monotypicPrimulina tabacumwas also investigated. Counts for 19 species were new, two were confirmatory and two gave different numbers from previously published counts. The results here, together with previously published cytological data for the erstwhile genusChirita, were analysed in the light of the taxonomic revision of the genus and published phylogenetic data.Chiritawas originally highly heterogeneous in chromosome numbers, including seven different somatic numbers, 2n= 8, 18, 20, 28, 32, 34 and 36. Among the five remodelled genera,Henckeliawas found to be as equally heterogeneous as the erstwhileChirita,Microchiritaincluded only two chromosome numbers, 2n= 18 and 34, the three species ofDamrongiawere uniform with 2n= 18, while species belonging to the extendedPrimulinashowed only one basic number,x= 18, with 15 samples being diploid, and one being tetraploid. In the light of recent phylogenetic studies, polyploid as well as dysploid changes appear to have shaped the genomes of the newly defined generaHenckelia,Microchiritaand, to a lesser degree,Primulina.

Chromosome numbers of 15 North American bumble bee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini)

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Robin E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
North American ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
The Social

Chromosome counts were obtained for 14 Bombus Latr. species (the social bumble bees) belonging to four subgenera and for one Psithyrus Lep. species (the social parasitic bumble bees). In Bombus the haploid numbers were consistent within each subgenus and there was variation between subgenera; the subgenera Bombus s.s. and Pyrobombus have n = 18, while Separatobombus and Cullumanobombus have n = 19. Thus considerable morphological divergence between subgenera is often, but not always, paralleled by divergence in chromosome number. Psithyrus ashtoni has n = 25, higher than all Bombus species yet examined. This provides support for the monophyletic origin of Psithyrus, but the high n is not expected if eusociality selects for increase in chromosome number.

SOME CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF GAREX SPECIES OF CANADA AND ALASKA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
J. A. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Counts

Chromosome counts of 36 taxa and two hybrids of Carex are presented: 18 are new, 11 verify previous counts, 5 differ by 2 from previous counts, and 2 differ more widely from reported counts. Taxonomic notes relating to a few species arc included.

Chromosome numbers, meiotic behavior, and notes on some grasses from Central America and the West Indies

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
Richard W. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Andropogon Gerardii ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
The West

Chromosome numbers and meiotic behavior are reported for 99 collections of grasses representing 47 genera and 88 species. First chromosome counts are reported for the following 20 species: Aristida laxa, n = 22; Chloris ekmanii, n = 20; Chusquea scandens, n = 20; Danthonia domingensis, n = 18; Eragrostis hypnoides, n = 10; E. prolifera, n = 20; Festuca mirabilis, n = 14; Leptochloa scabra, n = 30; Manisuris ramosa, n = 18; Paspalum carinatnm, n = 40; P. distortum, n = 10; Pharus glaber, n = 12; Raddia sympodica, 2n = 22; Raddiella nana, n = 10; Schizachyrium gracile, n = 20; Setaria crus-ardeae, n = 18; Thrasya paspaloides, n = 20; Trachypogon ligularis, n = 10; Trichachne laxa, n = 18; Tristachya avenacea, n = 24. The count for Raddiella nana represents a first generic report. Counts that differ from previous counts for the same taxon are reported for these 11 species: Andropogon gerardii, n = 40; Aristida orizabensis, n = 22; Eragrostis trichocolea, n = 30; Ichnanthus nemoralis, n = 10; Microchloa kunthii, n = 22; Olyra latifolia, n = 22; Panicum cyanescens, n = 27; Paspalum caespitosum, n = 10; P. millegrana, n = 20, 30; Schizachyrium hirtiflorum, n = 20; Trachypogon montufari, n = 30.

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