The evolution of colour polymorphism in British winter-active Lepidoptera in response to search image use by avian predators

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie C. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Search Image ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Image Use

scholarly journals Olfactory search-image use by a mosquito-eating predator

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1697) ◽  
pp. 3173-3178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona R. Cross ◽  
Robert R. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Search Image ◽  
Image Use

scholarly journals Does colour polymorphism enhance survival of prey populations?

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1665) ◽  
pp. 2187-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Wennersten ◽  
Anders Forsman
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Visual Context ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Prey Populations

That colour polymorphism may protect prey populations from predation is an old but rarely tested hypothesis. We examine whether colour polymorphic populations of prey exposed to avian predators in an ecologically valid visual context were exposed to increased extinction risk compared with monomorphic populations. We made 2976 artificial pastry prey, resembling Lepidoptera larvae, in four different colours and presented them in 124 monomorphic and 124 tetramorphic populations on tree trunks and branches such that they would be exposed to predation by free-living birds, and monitored their ‘survival’. Among monomorphic populations, there was a significant effect of prey coloration on survival, confirming that coloration influenced susceptibility to visually oriented predators. Survival of polymorphic populations was inferior to that of monomorphic green populations, but did not differ significantly from monomorphic brown, yellow or red populations. Differences in survival within polymorphic populations paralleled those seen among monomorphic populations; the red morph most frequently went extinct first and the green morph most frequently survived the longest. Our findings do not support the traditional protective polymorphism hypothesis and are in conflict with those of earlier studies. As a possible explanation to our findings, we offer a competing ‘giveaway cue’ hypothesis: that polymorphic populations may include one morph that attracts the attention of predators and that polymorphic populations therefore may suffer increased predation compared with some monomorphic populations.

The Attentive Spider: Search-Image Use by a Mosquito-Eating Predator

Ethology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona R. Cross ◽  
Robert R. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Search Image ◽  
Image Use

First record of body colour polymorphism in giant African snail Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) - a comparative study using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Keerthy Vijayan ◽  
R. Sugantha Sakthivel ◽  
T.V. Sajeev
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
South India ◽  
The Body ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Oxidase Subunit

The presence of the body colour polymorphism in the tropical invasive pest giant African snail is reported for the first time from South India. Three different body colour polymorphs were recognised viz. grey, black and white. The grey body colour is the most common polymorph. The black and white colour polymorphs are found to be in almost equal proportions in the reported localities with the grey counterparts. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the three colour polymorphs are found to be identical. The presence of the body colour polymorphism in south India may be attributed to the avian predation and other selection pressures.

scholarly journals Habitat Use and Spatial Variability of Hawkfishes with a Focus on Colour Polymorphism in Paracirrhites forsteri

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0169079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Coker ◽  
Veronica Chaidez ◽  
Michael L. Berumen
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Colour Polymorphism

Formation of an Olfactory Search Image for Explosives Odours in Sniffer Dogs*

Ethology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Gazit ◽  
Allen Goldblatt ◽  
Joseph Terkel
Keyword(s):  
Search Image

scholarly journals Interference competition pressure predicts the number of avian predators that shifted their timing of activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1880) ◽  
pp. 20180744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Pei ◽  
Mihai Valcu ◽  
Bart Kempenaers
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Exploitation Competition ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Avian Predator ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Time Partitioning ◽  
Competition Pressure

Being active at different times facilitates the coexistence of functionally similar species. Hence, time partitioning might be induced by competition. However, the relative importance of direct interference and indirect exploitation competition on time partitioning remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of these two forms of competition on the occurrence of time-shifting among avian predator species. As a measure of interference competition pressure, we used the species richness of day-active avian predator species or of night-active avian predator species (i.e. species of Accipitriformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in a particular geographical area (assemblage). As an estimate of exploitation competition pressure, we used the total species richness of avian predators in each assemblage. Estimates of the intensity of interference competition robustly predicted the number of Accipitriformes species that became crepuscular and the number of Strigiformes species that became day-active or strictly crepuscular. Interference competition pressure may depend on body size and on the total duration of the typical active period (day or night length). Our results support—to some extent—that smaller species are more likely to become time-shifters. Day length did not have an effect on the number of time-shifter species in the Accipitriformes. Among the large Strigiformes, more time-shifter species occur in areas where nights are shorter (i.e. where less of the typical time resource is available). However, in the small Strigiformes, we found the opposite, counterintuitive effect: more time-shifters where nights are longer. Exploitation competition may have had an additional positive effect on the number of time-shifters, but only in Accipitriformes, and the effect was not as robust. Our results thus support the interference competition hypothesis, suggesting that animals may have shifted their time of activity, despite phylogenetic constraints on the ability to do so, to reduce the costs of direct interactions. Our findings also highlight the influence of body size as a surrogate of competitive ability during encounters on time partitioning, at least among avian predators.

scholarly journals Colour polymorphism in birds: causes and functions

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Galeotti ◽  
D. Rubolini ◽  
P. O. Dunn ◽  
M. Fasola
Keyword(s):  
Colour Polymorphism
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