scholarly journals Drift effects on the multivariate floral phenotype of Calceolaria polyrhiza during a post-glacial expansion in Patagonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Maubecin ◽  
A. Cosacov ◽  
A. N. Sérsic ◽  
J. Fornoni ◽  
S. Benitez-Vieyra
Keyword(s):  
Floral Phenotype ◽  
Glacial Expansion

A Holocene Marine Climate Record in Mollusc Shells from the Southwest African Coast

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Cohen ◽  
John E. Parkington ◽  
Geoff B. Brundrit ◽  
Nikolaas J. van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Climate Record ◽  
Benguela Upwelling ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Expansion ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Marine Climate

AbstractDetails of short-term climatic variability are often lost from marine sediments through bioturbation in the upper, aerobic sediment layers. Alternatively, a high-resolution and dated record of climatic events may be obtained using material preserved in archaeological deposits. The Holocene history of the southern Benguela upwelling regime has been constructed from the oxygen isotope and mineral analysis of midden shells. Three discrete episodes of significant isotope enrichment corresponded to periods of glacial expansion in the northern hemisphere. Significant changes in shell mineralogy, which is a response to sea-surface temperatures, were also recorded. The timing and duration of these changes approximated those in the isotope record and may provide a link between events affecting the subcontinent and global temperature changes of the late Quaternary.

Holocene glacier history of northeastern Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America (55°S)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Scott A. Reynhout ◽  
Michael R. Kaplan ◽  
Esteban A. Sagredo ◽  
Juan Carlos Aravena ◽  
Rodrigo L. Soteres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Southward Shift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Expansion ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Glacial Advance

Abstract In the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America, we used 10Be and 14C dating, dendrochronology, and historical observations to reconstruct the glacial history of the Dalla Vedova valley from deglacial time to the present. After deglacial recession into northeastern Darwin and Dalla Vedova, by ~16 ka, evidence indicates a glacial advance at ~13 ka coeval with the Antarctic Cold Reversal. The next robustly dated glacial expansion occurred at 870 ± 60 calendar yr ago (approximately AD 1150), followed by less-extensive dendrochronologically constrained advances from shortly before AD 1836 to the mid-twentieth century. Our record is consistent with most studies within the Cordillera Darwin that show that the Holocene glacial maximum occurred during the last millennium. This pattern contrasts with the extensive early- and mid-Holocene glacier expansions farther north in Patagonia; furthermore, an advance at 870 ± 60 yr ago may suggest out-of-phase glacial advances occurred within the Cordillera Darwin relative to Patagonia. We speculate that a southward shift of westerlies and associated climate regimes toward the southernmost tip of the continent, about 900–800 yr ago, provides a mechanism by which some glaciers advanced in the Cordillera Darwin during what is generally considered a warm and dry period to the north in Patagonia.

scholarly journals Cattle mitogenome variation reveals a post-glacial expansion of haplogroup P and an early incorporation into northeast Asian domestic herds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Mannen ◽  
Takahiro Yonezawa ◽  
Kako Murata ◽  
Aoi Noda ◽  
Fuki Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Mtdna Variation ◽  
Glacial Expansion ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Major Haplogroups

AbstractSurveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation have shown that worldwide domestic cattle are characterized by just a few major haplogroups. Two, T and I, are common and characterize Bos taurus and Bos indicus, respectively, while the other three, P, Q and R, are rare and are found only in taurine breeds. Haplogroup P is typical of extinct European aurochs, while intriguingly modern P mtDNAs have only been found in northeast Asian cattle. These Asian P mtDNAs are extremely rare with the exception of the Japanese Shorthorn breed, where they reach a frequency of 45.9%. To shed light on the origin of this haplogroup in northeast Asian cattle, we completely sequenced 14 Japanese Shorthorn mitogenomes belonging to haplogroup P. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses revealed: (1) a post-glacial expansion of aurochs carrying haplogroup P from Europe to Asia; (2) that all Asian P mtDNAs belong to a single sub-haplogroup (P1a), so far never detected in either European or Asian aurochs remains, which was incorporated into domestic cattle of continental northeastern Asia possibly ~ 3700 years ago; and (3) that haplogroup P1a mtDNAs found in the Japanese Shorthorn breed probably reached Japan about 650 years ago from Mongolia/Russia, in agreement with historical evidence.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Phylogeography of Tuber magnatum Populations

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Belfiori ◽  
Valentina D’Angelo ◽  
Claudia Riccioni ◽  
Marco Leonardi ◽  
Francesco Paolocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
East Europe ◽  
East European ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Tuber Magnatum ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Expansion

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber magnatum produces the white truffle appreciated worldwide for its unique aroma. With respect to other Tuber spp. of economic interest, T. magnatum presents a narrower geographical range. This species has, in fact, long been considered endemic to Italy. However, over the last few decades several reports have documented the presence of white truffles in different Mediterranean countries and in particular in various areas of south-east Europe. In this study, samples from several Pannonian and Balkan countries such as Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece have been collected and genotyped with microsatellite markers and the data merged with those available for Italian populations. Our objectives were to test whether Italian and south-east European populations are differentiated and to evaluate the genetic diversity of T. magnatum all over its distributional range. We show the genetic structure of T. magnatum populations with the differentiation of four main groups: northern Italy, central-northern Italy, southern Italy and the Balkan/Pannonian region. The present study allowed us to refine the evolutionary history of T. magnatum and track the possible post-glacial expansion route of this species. The assessment of T. magnatum’s genetic structure is not only of scientific relevance, but it is also important for the conservation and market traceability of this prestigious fungus.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the widespread white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis): pre-glacial expansion and genetic differentiation of populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-267
Author(s):  
Luz E Zamudio-Beltrán ◽  
Yuyini Licona-Vera ◽  
Blanca E Hernández-Baños ◽  
John Klicka ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Glacial Expansion

Abstract The Pleistocene glacial cycles had a strong influence on the demography and genetic structure of many species, particularly on northern-latitude taxa. Here we studied the phylogeography of the white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis), a widely distributed species of the highlands of Mexico and Central America. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences was combined with ecological niche modelling (ENM) to infer the demographic and population differentiation scenarios under present and past conditions. Analyses of 108 samples from 11 geographic locations revealed population structure and genetic differentiation among populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT) and the Motagua-Polochic-Jocotán (MPJ) fault barriers. ENM predicted a widespread distribution of suitable habitat for H. leucotis since the Last Inter Glacial (LIG), but this habitat noticeably contracted and fragmented at the IT. Models for historical dispersal corridors based on population genetics data and ENM revealed the existence of corridors among populations west of the IT; however, the connectivity of populations across the IT has changed little since the LIG. The shallow geographic structure on either side of the isthmus and a star-like haplotype network, combined with the long-term persistence of populations across time based on genetic data and potential dispersal routes, support a scenario of divergence with migration and subsequent isolation and differentiation in Chiapas and south of the MPJ fault. Our findings corroborate the profound effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the evolutionary history of montane taxa but challenge the generality of expanded suitable habitat (pine-oak forests) during glacial cycles.

The Floral Microbiome: Plant, Pollinator, and Microbial Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Vannette
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Floral Phenotype ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Microbial Effects

Flowers at times host abundant and specialized communities of bacteria and fungi that influence floral phenotypes and interactions with pollinators. Ecological processes drive variation in microbial abundance and composition at multiple scales, including among plant species, among flower tissues, and among flowers on the same plant. Variation in microbial effects on floral phenotype suggests that microbial metabolites could cue the presence or quality of rewards for pollinators, but most plants are unlikely to rely on microbes for pollinator attraction or reproduction. From a microbial perspective, flowers offer opportunities to disperse between habitats, but microbial species differ in requirements for and benefits received from such dispersal. The extent to which floral microbes shape the evolution of floral traits, influence fitness of floral visitors, and respond to anthropogenic change is unclear. A deeper understanding of these phenomena could illuminate the ecological and evolutionary importance of floral microbiomes and their role in the conservation of plant–pollinator interactions.

scholarly journals Post-Glacial Expansion and Population Genetic Divergence of Mangrove Species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn and Rhizophora mangle L. along the Mexican Coast

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e93358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sandoval-Castro ◽  
Richard S. Dodd ◽  
Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Manuel Enríquez-Paredes ◽  
Cristian Tovilla-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Glacial Expansion
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