scholarly journals Fitness differences between parapatric lake and stream stickleback revealed by a field transplant

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Moser ◽  
A. Frey ◽  
D. Berner
Keyword(s):  
Field Transplant

scholarly journals Population improvement and synthetic cultivar production in forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Field Transplant

AbstractExperimental results are brought together to demonstrate that forage kale population improvement involving full-sib and selfed families can be done on an annual cycle, followed by production of a synthetic cultivar. Furthermore, this new breeding method compares favourably with the two successful methods used to date, namely triple-cross hybrid cultivars from inbreeding and crossbreeding programmes and open-pollinated cultivars from population improvement programmes. The key findings were that natural vernalization of kale in south east Scotland occurred by mid-December so that plants could be pollinated in a glasshouse with heating and lighting by the end of February and seed harvested by the end of May. The resulting full-sib or selfed families could be assessed in a field transplant trial in the same year, from June to November, thus completing an annual cycle. Self-pollination resulted in shorter plants with lower fresh-weight, dry-matter and digestible organic-matter yields, and undesirably higher contents of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide, the haemolytic anaemia factor, and the goitrogenic thiocyanate ion. As a consequence of digestible organic-matter yield being reduced by as much as 22%, the estimated optimum number of selfed parents in a synthetic cultivar was four to eight. Synthetic cultivars are expected to yield as well as triple-cross hybrids as there was no reduction in yield when the latter were open-pollinated.

scholarly journals Ectoparasite extinction in simplified lizard assemblages during experimental island invasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 20200474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Cox ◽  
Sean Alexander ◽  
Brianna Casement ◽  
Albert K. Chung ◽  
John David Curlis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Trombiculid Mite ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Field Transplant

Introduced species can become invasive, damaging ecosystems and disrupting economies through explosive population growth. One mechanism underlying population expansion in invasive populations is ‘enemy release’, whereby the invader experiences relaxation of agonistic interactions with other species, including parasites. However, direct observational evidence of release from parasitism during invasion is rare. We mimicked the early stages of invasion by experimentally translocating populations of mite-parasitized slender anole lizards ( Anolis apletophallus ) to islands that varied in the number of native anoles. Two islands were anole-free prior to the introduction, whereas a third island had a resident population of Gaige's anole ( Anolis gaigei ). We then characterized changes in trombiculid mite parasitism over multiple generations post-introduction. We found that mites rapidly went extinct on one-species islands, but that lizards introduced to the two-species island retained mites. After three generations, the two-species island had the highest total density and biomass of lizards, but the lowest density of the introduced species, implying that the ‘invasion’ had been less successful. This field-transplant study suggests that native species can be ‘enemy reservoirs’ that facilitate co-colonization of ectoparasites with the invasive host. Broadly, these results indicate that the presence of intact and diverse native communities may help to curb invasiveness.

Mycorrhizal colonization impacts on phenolic content and antioxidant properties of artichoke leaves and flower heads two years after field transplant

2010 ◽  
Vol 335 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nello Ceccarelli ◽  
Maurizio Curadi ◽  
Luca Martelloni ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
Piero Picciarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Field Transplant

The Influence of Hardening and Waterlogging on the Frost Resistance of Subalpine Eucalypts.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Davidson ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant ◽  
Frost Hardening ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Field Transplant ◽  
Slight Damage

Marked interspecific differences in frost resistance were shown to exist between eucalypt seedlings grown in reciprocal field transplant trials conducted at a frost hollow on Snug Plains, south-eastern Tasmania. Populations of the six eucalypt species tested naturally inhabited the margins and base of this frost hollow. A growing season frost of - 5.5°C caused substantial damage to E. delegatensis, E. pulchella, E. urnigera, E. johnstonii and E. coccifera but only slight damage to E. gunnii. A winter frost of - 10.5°C caused markedly less damage than the growing season frost, suggesting that appreciable hardening occurs in winter and that growing season frosts may play a significant role in determining the distribution of subalpine eucalypts. E. pulchella appeared more resistant to growing season frosts than E. delegatensis while the reverse occurred in all but one of the experimental gardens during winter frosts. The reasons for this reversal and its significance are discussed. Frost chamber experiments confirmed the major differences between species in frost resistance and the importance of hardening. The reciprocal transplant trials suggested that seedlings from subgenus Symphyomyrtus were more frost resistant than those from subgenus Monocalyptus in sites prone to waterlogging. This was sup- ported by frost chamber trials in which a significant interaction between frost resistance and waterlog- ging was demonstrated. Species from subgenus Monocalyptus showed a reduced ability to harden under waterlogged conditions compared with species from subgenus Symphyomyrtus. This interaction may be of ecological importance since species from subgenus Monocalyptus do not occur in cold, waterlogged sites at Snug Plains. The present and previous experiments suggest that the distribution of subalpine eucalypts is dependent upon the interaction of a range of factors including the severity of winter frosts, resistance to growing season frosts, the suitability of the site for frost hardening and the degree of waterlogging.

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