scholarly journals The genomic bases of morphological divergence and reproductive isolation driven by ecological speciation in Senecio (Asteraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Chapman ◽  
S. J. Hiscock ◽  
D. A. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Morphological Divergence

scholarly journals Cultural traditions and the evolution of reproductive isolation: ecological speciation in killer whales?

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
RÜDIGER RIESCH ◽  
LANCE G. BARRETT-LENNARD ◽  
GRAEME M. ELLIS ◽  
JOHN K. B. FORD ◽  
VOLKER B. DEECKE
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Cultural Traditions

scholarly journals Geographic isolation facilitates the evolution of reproductive isolation and morphological divergence

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 10278-10288 ◽  
Author(s):  
McLean L. D. Worsham ◽  
Eric P. Julius ◽  
Chris C. Nice ◽  
Peter H. Diaz ◽  
David G. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Geographic Isolation

The Systematics of Salmonid Fishes of Recently Glaciated Lakes

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Homing Behavior ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
Fisheries Biology

The systematics of the subfamilies Salmoninae and Coregoninae of recently glaciated regions are reviewed. Interrelation between systematics and fisheries biology are stressed, pointing out the abundance of intraspecific genetic diversity of some salmonid fishes manifested in ecological and behavioral specializations, but not necessarily by morphological divergence. Innate, reproductive homing behavior of salmonid fishes may allow closely related populations to exist in sympatry and maintain reproductive isolation. Examples are cited to support the contention that many sympatric "sibling species" have evolved from a common ancestor in postglacial times. Closely related, sympatric populations are a major taxonomic problem, but this phenomenon which allows a species to consist of genetically discrete units with reproductive isolation between the stocks is of great significance for fisheries management. Postglacial salmonid communities are typically fragile and highly susceptible to disruption or destruction by introductions, eutrophication, and exploitation. Every effort should be made to protect the genetic diversity of a species.

scholarly journals Assortative flocking in crossbills and implications for ecological speciation

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1745) ◽  
pp. 4223-4229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie W. Smith ◽  
Stephanie M. Sjoberg ◽  
Matthew C. Mueller ◽  
Craig W. Benkman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Loxia Curvirostra ◽  
Call Type ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Contact Calls ◽  
Red Crossbills

How reproductive isolation is related to divergent natural selection is a central question in speciation. Here, we focus on several ecologically specialized taxa or ‘call types’ of red crossbills ( Loxia curvirostra complex), one of the few groups of birds providing much evidence for ecological speciation. Call types differ in bill sizes and feeding capabilities, and also differ in vocalizations, such that contact calls provide information on crossbill phenotype. We found that two call types of red crossbills were more likely to approach playbacks of their own call type than those of heterotypics, and that their propensity to approach heterotypics decreased with increasing divergence in bill size. Although call similarity also decreased with increasing divergence in bill size, comparisons of responses to familiar versus unfamiliar call types indicate that the decrease in the propensity to approach heterotypics with increasing divergence in bill size was a learned response, and not a by-product of calls diverging pleiotropically as bill size diverged. Because crossbills choose mates while in flocks, assortative flocking could lead indirectly to assortative mating as a by-product. These patterns of association therefore provide a mechanism by which increasing divergent selection can lead to increasing reproductive isolation.

scholarly journals Pre- and post-mating reproductive isolation evolve independently during rapid adaptation to high temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Kai Hsu ◽  
Wei-Yun Lai ◽  
Johannes Novak ◽  
Felix Lehner ◽  
Ana Marija Jakšić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Altered Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Altered Lipid

Ambient temperature is one major ecological factor driving adaptation in natural populations, but its impact on the emergence of new species is not yet clear. Here, we explored the evolution of reproductive isolation during temperature adaptation by exposing 10 replicate Drosophila simulans populations to a hot temperature regime. Within less than 200 generations, both pre- and post-mating reproductive isolation evolved. The altered lipid metabolism of evolved flies also affected the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHCs) profiles. Different CHC profiles could explain the emerged assortative mating between ancestral and evolved populations. Hence, we identified the hallmark of ecological speciation driven by temperature adaptation. While this pre-mating isolation occurred only between ancestral and evolved replicate populations, post-mating reproductive isolation was observed among evolved replicate populations. We propose that epistatic interactions of reproduction-related genes between males and females resulted in adaptive co-evolution. Incompatibilities between different gene combinations favored in each replicate could explain the observed post-mating reproductive isolation. We anticipate that this mutation-order-like speciation from standing genetic variation, a new speciation process, is widespread in nature when highly polygenic traits are involved in adaptation.

scholarly journals Rapid experimental evolution of reproductive isolation from a single natural population

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (27) ◽  
pp. 13440-13445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Villa ◽  
Juan C. Altuna ◽  
James S. Ruff ◽  
Andrew B. Beach ◽  
Lane I. Mulvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Feather Lice

Ecological speciation occurs when local adaptation generates reproductive isolation as a by-product of natural selection. Although ecological speciation is a fundamental source of diversification, the mechanistic link between natural selection and reproductive isolation remains poorly understood, especially in natural populations. Here, we show that experimental evolution of parasite body size over 4 y (approximately 60 generations) leads to reproductive isolation in natural populations of feather lice on birds. When lice are transferred to pigeons of different sizes, they rapidly evolve differences in body size that are correlated with host size. These differences in size trigger mechanical mating isolation between lice that are locally adapted to the different sized hosts. Size differences among lice also influence the outcome of competition between males for access to females. Thus, body size directly mediates reproductive isolation through its influence on both intersexual compatibility and intrasexual competition. Our results confirm that divergent natural selection acting on a single phenotypic trait can cause reproductive isolation to emerge from a single natural population in real time.

scholarly journals Habitat Choice and Speciation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie E. Webster ◽  
Juan Galindo ◽  
John W. Grahame ◽  
Roger K. Butlin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Intertidal Gastropod ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The role of habitat choice in reproductive isolation and ecological speciation has often been overlooked, despite acknowledgement of its ability to facilitate local adaptation. It can form part of the speciation process through various evolutionary mechanisms, yet where habitat choice has been included in models of ecological speciation little thought has been given to these underlying mechanisms. Here, we propose and describe three independent criteria underlying ten different evolutionary scenarios in which habitat choice may promote or maintain local adaptation. The scenarios are the result of all possible combinations of the independent criteria, providing a conceptual framework in which to discuss examples which illustrate each scenario. These examples show that the different roles of habitat choice in ecological speciation have rarely been effectively distinguished. Making such distinctions is an important challenge for the future, allowing better experimental design, stronger inferences and more meaningful comparisons among systems. We show some of the practical difficulties involved by reviewing the current evidence for the role of habitat choice in local adaptation and reproductive isolation in the intertidal gastropodLittorina saxatilis, a model system for the study of ecological speciation, assessing whether any of the proposed scenarios can be reliably distinguished, given current research.

Ecological speciation! Or the lack thereof?This Perspective is based on the author’s J.C. Stevenson Memorial Lecture delivered at the Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research in Halifax, Nova Scotia, January 2008.

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Darwin’S Finches ◽  
Apparent Deviation ◽  
Different Populations

Ecological speciation occurs when adaptation to different environments or resources causes the evolution of reproductive isolation. This process is now thought to be very important in the evolution of biological diversity. Indeed, support for ecological speciation is so often asserted in the literature that one can get the impression of ubiquity. Eager to ride on the coattails of this exciting work, my own research has investigated ecological speciation in guppies, sticklebacks, and Darwin’s finches. Much to my initial dismay, I failed to find simple and strong signatures of ecological speciation in the first two of these systems. Setting aside the possibility of personal incompetence, my apparent deviation from ubiquity might simply reflect an existing literature bias. This bias seems obvious in retrospect given that essentially all published studies of ecological speciation purport to be confirmatory, whereas many cases of divergent selection and adaptive divergence are associated with only weak to modest levels of reproductive isolation. In short, different populations can be arrayed along a continuum from panmixia to complete reproductive isolation. Variation along this continuum might profitably be used for studying factors, outlined herein, that can promote or constrain “progress” toward ecological speciation.

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