scholarly journals Selection on bristle length has the ability to drive the evolution of male abdominal appendages in the sepsid fly Themira biloba

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2308-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Herath ◽  
N. A. Dochtermann ◽  
J. I. Johnson ◽  
Z. Leonard ◽  
J. H. Bowsher
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Ability To Drive

scholarly journals The Role of Gender in the Transition to Driving Cessation in Persons With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yamin ◽  
Roxana Manoiu ◽  
Gary Naglie ◽  
Sarah Sanford ◽  
Elaine Stasiulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Driving Cessation ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Ability To Drive

Abstract Driving often provides a sense of independence, quality of life and emotional wellbeing. For older adults living with dementia, driving cessation eventually becomes inevitable. Driving cessation has been shown to negatively impact older adults’ mobility and, consequently, quality of life. Caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) who have ceased driving are also impacted as they often become responsible for meeting the mobility needs of PWD and they provide emotional support in respect to this significant life transition. To date, there is little information on the role of gender in the transition to driving cessation in PWD. The purpose of this study was to examine the role that gender plays among drivers and ex-drivers with dementia from the perspectives of PWD, their caregivers, and healthcare practitioners. Secondary thematic analyses were conducted from a pre-existing sample of persons with dementia (N=10), family caregivers (N=13), and healthcare practitioners (N=6) who participated in interviews and focus groups about their experiences around driving cessation in the context of dementia. Data analyses involved an inductive thematic technique that allowed for generating themes. The main themes identified gender differences as a significant factor in: (1) difficulty accepting driving cessation (2) driving as it is tied to identity, (3) emotional responses to driving cessation, (4) driving as part of the caregiving role. The findings suggest that there is a need for tailored interventions for men and women who lose their ability to drive, in addressing their unique emotional responses and in supporting them through this important life transition.

‘We’re not doing it to be nasty’: Caregivers’ ethical dilemmas in negotiating driving safety with older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michelle N. Lafrance ◽  
Elizabeth Dreise ◽  
Lynne Gouliquer ◽  
Carmen Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Ability To Drive

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate how informal caregivers of older adults cope with and negotiate driving safety when their loved one is no longer safe to drive. Fifteen informal caregivers of an older adult living at home took part in the present study. Participants cared for individuals with a range of health conditions that significantly impaired driving safety, including dementia, Parkinson’s disease, macular degeneration, and stroke. A thematic analysis of participants’ accounts identified the complex interpersonal, social, and organisational context they encountered when their loved one did not recognise or acknowledge limitations in their ability to drive. This analysis highlights the ethical dilemma at the heart of caregivers’ experiences and identifies stake and blame as key considerations in the development of sensitive and effective policies and practices.

Hearing Impairment Affects Older People's Ability to Drive in the Presence of Distracters

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Joanne Wood ◽  
Alex Chaparro ◽  
Philippe Lacherez ◽  
Ralph Marszalek
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Ability To Drive

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

scholarly journals Hypersonic swizzle sticks: jets, fossil cavities and turbulence in molecular clouds

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S237) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Andrew J Cunningham ◽  
Adam Frank ◽  
Eric G Blackman ◽  
Alice Quillen
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Turbulent Medium ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Turbulence Energy ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Bow Shocks ◽  
Ambient Gas ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Ability To Drive

AbstractThe ubiquity and high density of outflows from young stars in clusters make them an intriguing candidate for the source of turbulence energy in molecular clouds. In this contribution we discuss new studies, both observational and theoretical, which address the issue of jet/outflow interactions and their ability to drive turbulent flows in molecular clouds. Our results are surprising in that they show that fossil cavities, rather than bow shocks from active outflows, constitute the mechanism of re-energizing turbulence. We first present simulations which show that collisions between active jets are ineffective at converting directed momentum and energy in outflows into turbulence. This effect comes from the ability of radiative cooling to constrain the surface area through which colliding outflows entrain ambient gas. We next discuss observational results which demonstrate that fossil cavities from “extinct” outflows are abundant in molecular material surrounding clusters such as NGC 1333. These structures, rather than the bow shocks of active outflows, comprise the missing link between outflow energy input and re-energizing turbulence. In a separate theoretical/simulation study we confirm that the evolution of cavities from decaying outflow sources leads to structures which match the observations of fossil cavities. Finally we present new results of outflow propagation in a fully turbulent medium exploring the explicit mechanisms for the transfer of energy and momentum between the driving wind and the turbulent environment.

Abstract TP295: Stroke Prevention Surgery > Quality of Life and Cognitive Ability to Drive Are Maintained After Surgical Repair of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M ODonnell ◽  
Maurizio Manuguerra ◽  
Jemma L Hodge ◽  
Greg Savage ◽  
Michael K Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ability To Drive

Background: Studies have questioned the effectiveness of surgery for the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (uIA). Few studies have examined the ability to drive and quality of life (QOL) after surgery for uIA. Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of surgical management of uIA by measuring patients’ perceived quality of life and their cognitive abilities related to driving. Methods: Between January 2011 and January 2016 patients with a uIA were assessed using the Quality Metric Short Form 36 (SF36) and the off-road driver screening instrument DriveSafeDriveAware. Reassessments were conducted at the 6-week post-operative follow-up for surgical patients and at 12-month follow-up for surgical and conservatively managed patients. Results: 175 patients enrolled in the study, of which 112(66%) had surgical management of their aneurysm. For the surgical cases who completed all assessments (N=74), there was a trend for the DriveSafe pre-operative mean score of 108 (SD 10.7) to be lower than the 6-week and 12-month post-operative mean scores (111 SD 9.7 and 112 SD 10.2 respectively)(p=0.05). There were no significant changes in DriveAware scores at any epoch or between patient groups nor in the MCS in the surgical group.. There was a significant decline in PCS scores at 6 weeks post-operatively which recovered at 12 months (52 SD 8.1, 46 SD 6.8 and 52 SD 7.1 respectively)( p <0.01). There was no significant difference in 12-month mRS scores between the surgical cases who completed with cases who did not complete all assessments. Conclusion: Surgery for uIA did not affect cognitive abilities for driving at 6 weeks or 12 months after surgery. There was a decline in the QOL in the first months after surgery, however QOL returned to pre-surgical status 12 months after surgery. If the risk of seizures is low and there are no post-operative complications, returning to driving can be recommended.

Thoracic Leg Control of Abdominal Extension in the Crayfish, Procambarus Clarkii

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
CHARLES H. PAGE
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Abdominal Movement ◽  
Stimulation Of

Postural extensions of the abdomen of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, could be evoked by mechanical stimulation of a single thoracic leg. Movement of a single leg joint was sufficient to initiate an extension response. Vigorous abdominal extensions were initiated either by depression of the whole leg (WLD) or by flexion of the mero-carpal joint (MCF). Weaker extension responses were obtained by depression of the thoracic-coxal and coxo-basal joints. Similar stimulation of the chelipeds did not elicit an abdominal extension response. Single-frame analysis of motion pictures of crayfish responding to WLD or MCF stimulation of a 2nd thoracic leg showed that the responses evoked by the two different stimulus situations were nearly identical. They differed principally in the responses of the leg located contralateral to the stimulated leg. Movements of most of the cephalic, thoracic and abdominal appendages accompanied the abdominal extension response. Only the eyes remained stationary throughout the response. The mean values of the latencies for the initiation of appendage movement ranged from 125 to 204 ma; abdominal movement had a mean latency of about 220 ms. The abdominal extension reflex resulted from the activity of the tonic superficial extensor muscles. The deep phasic extensor muscles were silent during the response. The mean latencies for the initiation of superficial extensor muscle activity by WLD and MCF stimulation were 53·7 and 50·0 ms respectively.

Distracted Driving and Driving Patterns in Older Drivers With Glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110428
Author(s):  
Purva Jain ◽  
Jonathan T. Unkart ◽  
Fabio B. Daga ◽  
Linda Hill
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Distracted Driving ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Ability To Drive ◽  
Acuity Score

Limited research exists examining self-perceived vision and driving ability among individuals with glaucoma, and this study assessed the relationship between glaucoma, visual field, and visual acuity with driving capability. 137 individuals with glaucoma and 75 healthy controls were asked to evaluate self-rated vision, self-perceived driving ability, and self-perceived distracted driving. Visual acuity and visual field measurements were also obtained. Multivariable linear regressions were run to test each visual measure with driving outcomes. The average age was 72.2 years, 57.3% were male, and 72.5% were White. There were significant associations for a one-point increase in visual field and quality of corrected vision (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03–1.10), day vision (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03–1.08), night vision (RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.05–1.13), visual acuity score and higher quality of corrected of vision (RR = .41; 95% CI = .22-.77), day vision (RR = .39; 95% CI=.22–.71), and night vision (RR = .41; 95% CI = .18–.94); visual acuity score and ability to drive safely compared to other drivers your age (RR = .53; 95% CI = .29–.96). Individuals with poorer visual acuity and visual fields rate their vision and ability to drive lower than those with better vision, and this information will allow clinicians to understand where to target interventions to enhance safe driving practices.

Predicting ability to drive after stroke

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Mazer ◽  
Nicol A. Korner-Bitensky ◽  
Susan Sofer
Keyword(s):  
Ability To Drive
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