Alternative intrapopulation life-history strategies and their trade-offs in an African annual fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Polačik ◽  
R. Blažek ◽  
R. Řežucha ◽  
M. Vrtílek ◽  
E. Terzibasi Tozzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Trade Offs

The Evolutionary Life History Model of Externalizing Personality: Bridging Human and Animal Personality Science to Connect Ultimate and Proximate Mechanisms Underlying Aggressive Dominance, Hostility, and Impulsive Sensation Seeking

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Hengartner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Response System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Stress Response System

The present work proposes an evolutionary model of externalizing personality that defines variation in this broad psychobiological phenotype resulting from genetic influences and a conditional adaptation to high-risk environments with high extrinsic morbidity-mortality. Due to shared selection pressure, externalizing personality is coadapted to fast life history strategies and maximizes inclusive fitness under adverse environmental conditions by governing the major trade-offs between reproductive versus somatic functions, current versus future reproduction, and mating versus parenting efforts. According to this model, externalizing personality is a regulatory device at the interface between the individual and its environment that is mediated by 2 overlapping psychobiological systems, that is, the attachment and the stress-response system. The attachment system coordinates interpersonal behavior and intimacy in close relationships and the stress-response system regulates the responsivity to environmental challenge and both physiological and behavioral reactions to stress. These proximate mechanisms allow for the integration of neuroendocrinological processes underlying interindividual differences in externalizing personality. Hereinafter I further discuss the model's major implications for personality psychology, psychiatry, and public health policy.

scholarly journals Patterns of Life-History Diversification in North American Fishes: implications for Population Regulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2196-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk O. Winemiller ◽  
Kenneth A. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
North American ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Large Species ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
Trade Offs

Interspecific patterns of fish life histories were evaluated in relation to several theoretical models of life-history evolution. Data were gathered for 216 North American fish species (57 families) to explore relationships among variables and to ordinate species. Multivariate tests, performed on freshwater, marine, and combined data matrices, repeatedly identified a gradient associating later-maturing fishes with higher fecundity, small eggs, and few bouts of reproduction during a short spawning season and the opposite suite of traits with small fishes. A second strong gradient indicated positive associations between parental care, egg size, and extended breeding seasons. Phylogeny affected each variable, and some higher taxonomic groupings were associated with particular life-history strategies. High-fecundity characteristics tended to be associated with large species ranges in the marine environment. Age at maturation, adult growth rate, life span, and egg size positively correlated with anadromy. Parental care was inversely correlated with median latitude. A trilateral continuum based on essential trade-offs among three demographic variables predicts many of the correlations among life-history traits. This framework has implications for predicting population responses to diverse natural and anthropogenic disturbances and provides a basis for comparing responses of different species to the same disturbance.

scholarly journals Cuckoos, cowbirds and hosts: adaptations, trade-offs and constraints

2006 ◽  
Vol 362 (1486) ◽  
pp. 1873-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brood Parasitism ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Host System ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolution Of Life

The interactions between brood parasitic birds and their host species provide one of the best model systems for coevolution. Despite being intensively studied, the parasite–host system provides ample opportunities to test new predictions from both coevolutionary theory as well as life-history theory in general. I identify four main areas that might be especially fruitful: cuckoo female gentes as alternative reproductive strategies, non-random and nonlinear risks of brood parasitism for host individuals, host parental quality and targeted brood parasitism, and differences and similarities between predation risk and parasitism risk. Rather than being a rare and intriguing system to study coevolutionary processes, I believe that avian brood parasites and their hosts are much more important as extreme cases in the evolution of life-history strategies. They provide unique examples of trade-offs and situations where constraints are either completely removed or particularly severe.

scholarly journals Life-history strategies of North American elk: trade-offs associated with reproduction and survival

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Morano ◽  
Kelley M. Stewart ◽  
James S. Sedinger ◽  
Christopher A. Nicolai ◽  
Martin Vavra
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North American ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
North American Elk ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Using life history trade-offs to understand core-transient structuring of a small mammal community

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R Supp ◽  
David N. Koons ◽  
S. K. Morgan Ernest
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Transient Species ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Core Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Source Sink

An emerging conceptual framework suggests that communities are comprised of two main groups of species: core species that are temporally persistent, and transient species that are temporally intermittent. Core and transient species have been shown to differ in spatiotemporal turnover, diversity patterns, and importantly, survival strategies targeted at local vs. regional habitat use. While the core-transient framework has typically been a site-specific designation for species, we suggest that if core and transient species have local vs. regional survival strategies across sites, and consistently differ in population-level spatial structure and gene flow, they may also exhibit different life-history strategies. Specifically, core species should display relatively low dispersal rates, low reproductive effort, high ecological specialization and high survival rates compared to transient species, which may display a wider range of traits given that transience may result from source-sink dynamics or from the ability to emigrate readily. We present results from 21 years of capture-mark-recapture data in a diverse rodent community, evaluating the linkages between temporal persistence, local abundance, and trade-offs among life-history traits. Core species at our site conservatively supported our hypotheses, differing in ecological specialization, survival and dispersal probabilities, and reproductive effort from transient species. Transient species exhibited a wider range of characteristics, which likely stems from the multiple processes generating source-sink dynamics and nomadic transience in local communities. We suggest that trait associations among core-transient species may be similar in other systems and warrants further study.

scholarly journals Causes and consequences of life-history variation in North American stocks of Pacific cod

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav A. Ormseth ◽  
Brenda L. Norcross
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North American ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Ormseth, O. A., and Norcross, B. L. 2009. Causes and consequences of life-history variation in North American stocks of Pacific cod. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 349–357. Life-history strategies of four Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) stocks in the eastern North Pacific Ocean are outlined. Southern stocks grew and matured quicker, but reached smaller maximum size and had shorter lifespans than northern stocks. The trade-offs resulted in similar lifetime reproductive success among all stocks. Growth was highly dependent on latitude, but not on temperature, possibly because of differences in the duration of the growing season. Comparisons with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) revealed similar latitude/growth relationships among Atlantic cod stocks grouped by geographic region. In Pacific cod, greater size and longevity in the north appeared to be adaptations to overcome environmental constraints on growth and to maintain fitness. An egg production-per-recruit model suggested that the life-history strategy of northern Pacific cod stocks made them less resilient to fishing activity and age truncation than southern stocks.

scholarly journals Evidence of a trophic niche shift in an omnivorous migratory bird in South America: A comparison of stable isotope signatures in feathers between migratory and sedentary subspecies of Tyrannus savana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lower Trophic Level ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Niche Shifts

Understanding how diet and life history strategies interact is important for exploring constraints of available nutrition on energetically expensive life history events in wild animals (i.e., reproduction, annual migration, or molt). Previous research on migratory birds breeding in the Northern Hemisphere has demonstrated trophic niche shifts from invertebrates to fruit in order to fuel spring migration. We examined whether a trophic niche switch occurred in a Neotropical austral migrant bird, Tyrannus savana savana prior to spring migration by measuring stable nitrogen isotopes in feathers. We found that the austral migrant T. s. savana did appear to shift in diet from a higher to lower trophic level (consistent in pattern with a shift from a higher to lower ratio of invertebrates to fruit) but the shift occurred earlier than expected if it was preparation for migration. A sympatric sedentary subspecies (T. s. monachus) appeared to forage only at the lower trophic level during their annual molt and that show no evidence of a trophic niche shift. The timing of the trophic niche shift leads us to conclude that a higher trophic level diet early in molt is not related to preparation for spring migration in this species but suggest that it may be related to seasonal changes in food availability as the wet season concludes. A remaining challenge for understanding the ecological consequences of trophic niche shifts is to find ways to empirically measure trade-offs between different diets across energetically expensive life history activities and compare these between taxa with differing life history strategies.

scholarly journals Life history variation is maintained by fitness trade-offs and negative frequency-dependent selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (17) ◽  
pp. 4441-4446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Christie ◽  
Gordon G. McNickle ◽  
Rod A. French ◽  
Michael S. Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection

The maintenance of diverse life history strategies within and among species remains a fundamental question in ecology and evolutionary biology. By using a near-complete 16-year pedigree of 12,579 winter-run steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Hood River, Oregon, we examined the continued maintenance of two life history traits: the number of lifetime spawning events (semelparous vs. iteroparous) and age at first spawning (2–5 years). We found that repeat-spawning fish had more than 2.5 times the lifetime reproductive success of single-spawning fish. However, first-time repeat-spawning fish had significantly lower reproductive success than single-spawning fish of the same age, suggesting that repeat-spawning fish forego early reproduction to devote additional energy to continued survival. For single-spawning fish, we also found evidence for a fitness trade-off for age at spawning: older, larger males had higher reproductive success than younger, smaller males. For females, in contrast, we found that 3-year-old fish had the highest mean lifetime reproductive success despite the observation that 4- and 5-year-old fish were both longer and heavier. This phenomenon was explained by negative frequency-dependent selection: as 4- and 5-year-old fish decreased in frequency on the spawning grounds, their lifetime reproductive success became greater than that of the 3-year-old fish. Using a combination of mathematical and individual-based models parameterized with our empirical estimates, we demonstrate that both fitness trade-offs and negative frequency-dependent selection observed in the empirical data can theoretically maintain the diverse life history strategies found in this population.

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