scholarly journals Reproductive isolation and patterns of genetic differentiation in a cryptic butterfly species complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2095-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dincă ◽  
C. Wiklund ◽  
V. A. Lukhtanov ◽  
U. Kodandaramaiah ◽  
K. Norén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Butterfly Species

scholarly journals Detecting level of genetic differentiation in two closely related species of Drosophila: D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-970
Author(s):  
A.K. Singh ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Neha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Allozyme Polymorphism ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Different Populations

A considerable amount of allozyme variation exists among different populations of a Drosophila species. Such allozyme variation can also be observed between two closely related species of Drosophila which show reproductive isolation but experience mating under laboratory conditions and produce hybrids. D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana are two closely related sympatric species and belong to bipectinata species complex. Allozyme polymorphism studies conducted with them and their hybrids reveal that these two species have enough genetic differentiation due to allozyme variation at three enzyme coding loci; however, their hybrids exhibit common allozyme variants of both the species. The hybrids exhibit very little genetic differentiation from either of their parents.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Dimensions of Reproductive Isolation Between Northern and Melissa Blue Butterflies in the Rocky Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Zachariah Gompert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Area ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Greater Yellowstone ◽  
Species Speciation

Biological diversity results from speciation, which generally involves the splitting of an ancestral species into descendant species due to adaptation to different niches or the evolution of reproductive incompatibilities (Coyne and Orr 2004). The diverse flora and fauna of the world, including the native inhabitants of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), exist as a result of the speciation process. The central role speciation plays in generating biological diversity imbues importance to our understanding of this process. The general importance of a thorough understanding of speciation is amplified because of the current high rates of extinction on the planet. This is because a long term solution to the present extinction crisis will require maintaining the processes that create species (speciation) not simply preventing extinction. However, many central questions regarding speciation remain to be answered. One fundamental question in speciation research is whether diverging species are isolated (i.e., prevented from interbreeding) due to differences in one, a few, or many characters and whether each of these character differences results from different alleles at a few or many genes. For example, speciation and reproductive isolation might involve divergence along multiple phenotypic axes, such as mate preference, habitat use or preference, and phenology (the timing of life-cycle events). Alternatively, isolation could result from differentiation of a single character. I propose to address this question by assessing patterns of variation for a suite of characters across a hybrid zone between two butterfly species. This is possible because patterns of character variation across hybrids zones allow for inferences about reproductive isolation (Barton and Hewitt 1985).

scholarly journals Phenotypic Dimensions of Reproductive Isolation Between Northern and Melissa Blue Butterflies in the Rocky Mountains

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Zachariah Gompert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Area ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Greater Yellowstone ◽  
Species Speciation

Biological diversity results from speciation, which generally involves the splitting of an ancestral species into descendant species due to adaptation to different niches or the evolution of reproductive incompatibilities (Coyne and Orr 2004). The diverse flora and fauna of the world, including the native inhabitants of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), exist as a result of the speciation process. The central role speciation plays in generating biological diversity imbues importance to our understanding of this process. The general importance of a thorough understanding of speciation is amplified because of the current high rates of extinction on the planet. This is because a long term solution to the present extinction crisis will require maintaining the processes that create species (speciation) not simply preventing extinction. However, many central questions regarding speciation remain to be answered. One fundamental question in speciation research is whether diverging species are isolated (i.e., prevented from interbreeding) due to differences in one, a few, or many characters and whether each of these character differences results from different alleles at a few or many genes. For example, speciation and reproductive isolation might involve divergence along multiple phenotypic axes, such as mate preference, habitat use or preference, and phenology (the timing of life-cycle events). Alternatively, isolation could result from differentiation of a single character. I propose to address this question by assessing patterns of variation for a suite of characters across a hybrid zone between two butterfly species. This is possible because patterns of character variation across hybrids zones allow for inferences about reproductive isolation (Barton and Hewitt 1985).

Contrasting evolutionary processes drive morphological and genetic differentiation in a subtropical fir (Abies, Pinaceae) species complex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cruz-Nicolás ◽  
Gustavo Giles-Pérez ◽  
Eréndira González-Linares ◽  
Julia Múgica-Gallart ◽  
Andrés Lira-Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Species Descriptions

Abstract Interacting stochastic and selective forces drive population and species divergence. Such interaction may generate contrasting clines between genetic and phenotypic factors, which can be related to either geographical or environmental variation depending on the predominant evolutionary force (which in its turn is partly determined by population size). Here, we investigated whether the morphological and genetic differentiation across a species complex in Abies in central Mexico fits isolation by distance (IBD) or isolation-by-adaptation (IBA) frameworks. This complex includes two species (A. religiosa and A. flinckii) with discernible morphological and environmental differences and dissimilar range sizes. After comparing variation at nuclear SSR loci and diagnostic morphological traits of needles with the climate variables contributing to ecological differentiation, we found that the widely distributed A. religiosa has more genetic diversity and is morphologically more heterogeneous than the geographically restricted A. flinckii. Morphological differentiation at three physiologically important traits (needle thickness, number of stomata rows and location of the resin duct) is significantly correlated with geography in A. flinckii (indicative of IBD), but is significantly associated with climate variation in A. religiosa (suggesting IBA). In agreement with quantitative genetics theory, PST (phenotypic differentiation)-G’ST (genetic differentiation) comparisons indicate contrasting contributions of putatively adaptive (A. religiosa) and stochastic (A. flinckii) factors to the morphological differentiation of species related to their population size. The integration of such quantitative genetic/evolutionary aspects may reinforce species descriptions and help in disentangling resilient taxonomic discordance.

scholarly journals Reproductive isolation between different forms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vector of Leishmania donovani chagasi Cunha & Chagas and its significance to kala-azar distribution in South America

1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ward ◽  
Armando L. Ribeiro ◽  
Paul D. Ready ◽  
Angela Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Kala Azar

The males of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis occur in two forms, one which bears a single pair of pale spots on tergite 4 and another in which an additional pair of spots characterizes tergite 3. In crosses between laboratory reared stocks of the two forms originating from allopatric and sympatric sites in Brazil nearly all males of one form fail to inseminate females of the other. In addition, insemination failure between some allopatric populaytions of Lu. longipalpis with similar tergal spot patterns is recorded, indicating the existence of additional forms in an apparent species complex. The possibility that Lu. longipalpis sensu latu represents more than a single taxon is discussed and the relevance of these findings to future epidemiological studies on kala-azar is considered.

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