scholarly journals Elevation of the renal threshold for glucose is associated with insulin resistance and higher glycated hemoglobin levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Hieshima ◽  
Seigo Sugiyama ◽  
Akira Yoshida ◽  
Noboru Kurinami ◽  
Tomoko Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Renal Threshold

scholarly journals Correlation between Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Calculated, and Measured Lipoproteins: Whether Calculated Small Density Lipoprotein Fraction Predicts Cardiovascular Risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikandar Hayat Khan ◽  
Nadeem Fazal ◽  
Athar Abbas Gilani Shah ◽  
Syed Mohsin Manzoor ◽  
Naveed Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Density ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Background. Recent literature in lipidology has identified LDL-fractions to be more atherogenic. In this regard, small density LDL-cholesterol (sdLDLc) has been considered to possess more atherogenicity than other LDL-fractions like large buoyant LDL-cholesterol (lbLDLc). Recently, Srisawasdi et al. have developed a method for calculating sdLDLc and lbLDLc based upon a regression equation. Using that in developing world may provide us with a valuable tool for ASCVD risk prediction. Objective. (1) To correlate directly measured and calculated lipid indices with insulin resistance, UACR, glycated hemoglobin, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure. (2) To evaluate these lipid parameters in subjects with or without metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, and hypertension and among various groups based upon glycated hemoglobin results. Design. Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study. From Jan 2016 to 15 April 2017. Subjects and Methods. Finally enrolled subjects (male: 110, female: 122) were evaluated for differences in various lipid parameters, including measured LDL-cholesterol (mLDLc), HDLc and calculated LDL-cholesterol (cLDLc), non-HDLc, sdLDLC, lbLDLC, and their ratio among subjects with or without metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, glycation index, anthropometric indices, and hypertension. Results. Significant but weak correlation was mainly observed between anthropometric indices, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and nephropathy for non-HDLc, sdLDLc, and sdLDLc/lbLDLc. Generally lipid indices were higher among subjects with metabolic syndrome [{sdLDLc: 0.92 + 0.33 versus 0.70 + 0.29 (p<0.001)}, {sdLDLc/lbLDLc: 0.55 + 0.51 versus 0.40 + 0.38 (p=0.010)}, {non-HDLc: 3,63 + 0.60 versus 3.36 + 0.65 (p=0.002)}]. The fact that the sdLDLc levels provided were insignificant in Kruskall Wallis Test indicated a sharp increase in subjects with HbA1c > 7.0%. Subjects having nephropathy (UACR > 2.4 mg/g) had higher concentration of non-HDLc levels in comparison to sdLDLc [{non-HDLc: 3.68 + 0.59 versus 3.36 + 0.43} (p=0.007), {sdLDLc: 0.83 + 0.27 versus 0.75 + 0.35 (p=NS)}]. Conclusion. Lipid markers including cLDLc and mLDLc are less associated with traditional ASCVD markers than non-HDLc, sdLDLc, and sdLDLc/lbLDLc in predicting metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, glycation status, and hypertension.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Pangaluri ◽  
Shakthiya T ◽  
Vinodhini Vm
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Hba1c Levels

 Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is often accompanied by insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Androgen excess-PCOS recommends oral glucose tolerance test or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) to evaluate dysglycemia in PCOS subjects. We undertook this study to evaluate the prevalence of elevated HbA1C levels in PCOS women.Methods: The study was carried out among 100 PCOS patients from SRM Hospital, 100 healthy individuals were included as controls. Fasting glucose, HbA1C, Insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index were estimated.Results: Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome showed a significant increase in HbA1C levels (5.799±1.022; 4.96±0.625, p=0.001) when compared to the control group.Conclusion: We found elevated HbA1C levels in PCOS women categorizing 26% as prediabetes and 28% as having type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Marrow adipose tissue spectrum in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iana M de Araújo ◽  
Carlos E G Salmon ◽  
Andressa K Nahas ◽  
Marcello H Nogueira-Barbosa ◽  
Jorge Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Marrow Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling Markers

ObjectiveTo assess the association of bone mass and marrow adipose tissue (MAT) with other fat depots, insulin resistance, bone remodeling markers, adipokines and glucose control in type 2 diabetes and obesity.Design and methodsThe study groups comprised 24 controls (C), 26 obese (O) and 28 type 2 diabetes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD). Blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements.1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess MAT in the L3 vertebra, and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess intrahepatic lipids in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Regression analysis models were used to test the association between parameters.ResultsAt all sites tested, BMD was higher in type 2 diabetes than in O and C subjects. The C group showed lower VAT values than the type 2 diabetes group and lower IHL than the O and type 2 diabetes groups. However, MAT was similar in the 3 groups. Osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were lower in type 2 diabetes than those in C and O subjects. Moreover, at all sites, BMD was negatively associated with osteocalcin. No association was observed between MAT and VAT. No relationship was observed among MAT and HOMA-IR, leptin, adiponectin or Pref-1, but MAT was positively associated with glycated hemoglobin.ConclusionsMAT is not a niche for fat accumulation under conditions of energy surplus and type 2 diabetes, also is not associated with VAT or insulin resistance. MAT is associated with glycated hemoglobin.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF INSULIN RESISTANCE WITH THE SEVERITY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
BHAGYASHREE N ◽  
RAMASWAMY C ◽  
RAMYA K ◽  
GANESH M
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Principal Factors

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) means a reduced ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization. IR is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as the IR forms the basis for atherogenesis and acts as a major risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD. Methods: Total of 195 participants were recruited divided into three groups based on the presence of metabolic abnormalities as control Group I (with <3 components of metabolic syndrome [MS]), MS group as Group II (with any 3 components of MS), and severe MS as Group III (with more than three components of MS). Results: Results showed that fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin showed a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001), whereas fasting insulin and IR were higher in severe MS which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in comparison with control and MS group. Conclusion: IR is one of the principal factors for the development of MS and further threw light that the increase in the IR level proportionately increases the severity of MS.

scholarly journals Supplementation ofLactobacillus plantarumK68 and Fruit-Vegetable Ferment along with High Fat-Fructose Diet Attenuates Metabolic Syndrome in Rats with Insulin Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yu Huang ◽  
Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽  
Chun-Han Tsai ◽  
Jo-Hsuan Yang ◽  
Ying-Chieh Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Lactobacillus plantarumK68 (isolated fromfu-tsai) and fruit-vegetable ferment (FVF) have been tested for antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties in a rat model of insulin resistance, induced by chronic high fat-fructose diet. Fifty rats were equally assigned into control (CON), high fat-fructose diet (HFFD), HFFD plus K68, HFFD plus FVF, and HFFD plus both K68 and FVF (MIX) groups. Respective groups were orally administered with K68 (1×109 CFU/0.5 mL) or FVF (180 mg/kg) or MIX for 8 weeks. We found that HFFD-induced increased bodyweights were prevented, and progressively increased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were reversed (P<0.01) by K68 and FVF treatments. Elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and HOMA-IR values were controlled in supplemented groups. Furthermore, dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) with HFFD, was significantly (P<0.01) attenuated with MIX. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), were controlled (P<0.01) by K68, FVF, and MIX treatments. Moreover, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were substantially (P<0.01) restored by all treatments. Experimental evidences demonstrate that K68 and FVF may be effective alternative medicine to prevent HFFD-induced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia, possibly associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacies.

Complex therapy of patients with metabolic syndrome in the early stages of its development

10.12737/7343 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Мельник ◽  
Margarita Myelnik ◽  
Абдуллаева ◽  
A. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Incretin Mimetics ◽  
Early Stages

This paper deals with the combination therapy of patients in the early stages of development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) according to the results of the survey and the 6-month treatment of 54 patients aged 20 to 55 years with a BMI ≥25 kg / m2 and signs of abdominal obesity. In the control group 15 of the surveyed persons with a BMI &#60; 25,0 kg/m2 at age 20 to 50 years were included . According to the classification proposed in the recommendations of the experts of GFCF for the diagnosis and treatment of MS (2009), MS source in the group of patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was determined in 94.2% of cases. In this study the authors used laboratory examination, including general and biochemical blood tests to determine the level of glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), the concentration of magnesium and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum levels of C-peptide immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) to the calculation of indices: HOMO IR, characterizing insulin resistance (IR) and Caro, which characterizes the degree of impairment of glucose uptake. The instrumental methods were measurement of blood pressure by auscultatory method, ECG, echocardiography, ultrasound of the abdomen, CGMS-monitoring of blood glucose levels. According to the obtained data in the studied group of patients with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 statistically significant increase in blood pressure, severe insulin resistance with compensatory hyper-insulinemia, elevated levels of Hb A1c were identified. It is established that the formation of overweight in 68.5% of cases is accompanied by hypomagnesemia and activation of oxidative stress&#34;. It was confirmed by statistically significant increase in MDA content. Number of newly diagnosed diseases - hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes type 2, NAFLD, patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was significantly higher than the con-trol, which confirms the dominant influence of overweight as a risk factor for CVD formation with impaired metabolism of glucose and lipids. To study the stages of development of MS in both groups of patients oral glu-cose tolerance test (PGT) was conducted. According to the obtained results, the patients of the studied group were divided into 3 subgroups (without carbohydrate metabolism, with IGT, with newly diagnosed type 2 diabe-tes). In the 1st subgroup concentrations of insulin and C-peptide at 30 min of the test was higher than in other subgroups and the control group, but this concentration was decreased to 120 minute test. In the 2nd subgroup of these indicators for 30 minutes were significantly lower and grew to 120 minute test. In the subgroup with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, this concentration of insulin and C-peptide at 30 min of the test was lower than in the control group, but the concentration was increased to 120 minute test. Monitoring blood glucose lev-els using the CGMS system helped to identify: in the 1st subgroup intermittent episodes of hyperglycemia to 5.5% daily time; significant episodes of hyperglycemia in the 3rd subgroup – 19% of the time during the day. Therefore, the first stage of correction of hyper-insulinemia and IR were: changing the receiving regime of low-calorie food and incretin mimetics appointment - exenatide. At the same time, the patients in the treatment group received drugs magnesium – Magnesium Orotate (if hypomagnesemia) and antioxidants – coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E. After 24 weeks of therapy, clinical examination demonstrated the effectiveness of treat-ment: BMI statistically significantly decreased by 8.5%, IL by 43.3%, normalization of the level of glycated hemoglobin and reduced levels of atherogenic lipids, as well as the achievement of target values of blood pressure on average for the study group were identified. Restoring the sensitivity of insulin receptors was accompanied by an increase in the level of magnesium in the blood by 47.5% and a simultaneous decrease in activity of oxidative system by 42.7%. The obtained results suggest the usefulness of the use of incretin mimetics drugs with antioxidant activity and therapy by preparations of magnesium in the prevention and treatment of MS in the early stages of development.

scholarly journals Glycated Hemoglobin in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in a Semi-Urban Brazilian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayla Cristina do Vale Moreira ◽  
Renan M. Montenegro ◽  
Haakon E. Meyer ◽  
Bishwajit Bhowmik ◽  
Ibrahimu Mdala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitive Marker

The study evaluated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic tool for diabetes and pre-diabetes in the Brazilian population. Further, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also examined against HbA1c values to identify the most suitable cut-off points for HOMA-IR to predict the risk of diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 714 randomly selected subjects. HbA1c, fasting, and 2 h plasma glucose values were measured. Insulin resistance estimates were calculated with HOMA-IR. The receiver operating characteristic curve assessed HbA1c performance. The adjusted prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus was 14.7%, and pre-diabetes 14.2%. The optimal HbA1c cut-off value was ≥6.8% for the diagnosis of diabetes, and ≥6.0% for pre-diabetes. The area under the curve using HbA1c was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80–0.90) for detecting diabetes and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.55–0.67) for pre-diabetes. The optimal HOMA-IR cut-off value was 2.06 for HbA1c at 6.8%. The HbA1c cut-off value of ≥6.8% may be suitable for diagnosing diabetes in the Brazilian population. Our results do not support the use of HbA1c to diagnose pre-diabetes. A HOMA-IR cut-off point of 2.06 was a sensitive marker to assess the risk of diabetes.

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