scholarly journals Alendronate improves fasting plasma glucose and insulin sensitivity, and decreases insulin resistance in prediabetic osteopenic postmenopausal women: A randomized triple‐blind clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Karimi Fard ◽  
Ashraf Aminorroaya ◽  
Ali Kachuei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Salamat ◽  
Moluk Hadi Alijanvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels and Endogenous Androgens in Non-Diabetic Postmenopausal Women

1991 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay-Tee Khaw ◽  
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma

1. The clinical association between glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism is well recognized in premenopausal women with polycystic ovarian disease. We examined the hypothesis that fasting plasma glucose levels might be related to endogenous androgen levels in postmenopausal women in the absence of overt clinical disease. 2. In a Southern Californian cohort of 848 non-diabetic postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years, fasting plasma glucose levels positively correlated with levels of the endogenous androgens dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and free testosterone and negatively with sex-hormone-binding globulin across the whole range of glucose and hormone levels. Mean dihydroepiandro-sterone sulphate and free testosterone levels were 16% and 46% higher, respectively, and mean sex-hormone-binding globulin levels 27% lower in the top compared with the bottom quartile of fasting plasma glucose levels. This relationship was independent of age, body mass index, cigarette smoking habit and exogenous oestrogen use. 3. These findings raise questions about the possible physiological role of androgens in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance and, possibly, in the mediation of the some of the cardiovascular consequences of diabetes in women.

scholarly journals Improved indices of insulin resistance and insulin secretion for use in genetic and population studies of type2 diabetes mellitus

Twin Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B Jenkins ◽  
Katherine Samaras ◽  
David GP Carey ◽  
Paul Kelly ◽  
Lesley V Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Significant Heritability ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Direct Measures

AbstractHomeostasis model assessment (HOMA) provides indices of insulin secretion (β) and insulin resistance (R) derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels. However, these indices could not account for a significant heritability of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (h2 = 0.75, P < 0.01) in a group of 214 female twins. This result is consistent with a misclassification between effects due to insulin secretion and resistance in the HOMA indices. We report here evidence of such misclassification in the HOMA indices and describe a minor modification to the model which corrects it. Direct measures of insulin resistance (euglycaemic clamp) and secretion (i.v. glucose bolus) were obtained in 43 non-diabetic subjects. Heritability was estimated by statistical modelling of genetic and environmental influences in data from 214 non-diabetic female subjects. Modified HOMA (HOMA′) indices were obtained from β′ = (Ln(FPI)–c)/FPG and R′ = (Ln(FPI)–c)* FPG where c is a constant derived from regression analysis of Ln(FPI) vs FPG. Indices from both models correlated with the direct measures similarly (r = 0.63 (R), 0.49 (R′), 0.45 (β), 0.39 (β′), all P < 0.01). Directly measured insulin resistance and secretion were not significantly correlated (r = 0.13, P = 0.21). However, unmodified HOMA- and R were strongly related (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001 vs 0.13) demonstrating substantial misclassification. The relationship between β′ and R′ (r = 0.13) was not different from that between the two direct measures and significant heritability of β′ (h2 = 0.68, P < 0.01) and R′ (h2 = 0.59, P < 0.05) was evident in the twin data. The proposed modification to HOMA significantly reduces misclassification and reveals separate components of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in the heritability of FPG. Twin Research (2000) 3, 148–151.

scholarly journals Antidepressant medication use and trajectories of fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, β-cell function and insulin sensitivity: a 9-year longitudinal study of the D.E.S.I.R. cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1927-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Azevedo Da Silva ◽  
Aline Dugravot ◽  
Beverley Balkau ◽  
Ronan Roussel ◽  
Frédéric Fumeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Abstract Background : Use of antidepressants is seen to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, even though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined whether antidepressant use was associated with change in fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), β-cell function (HOMA2-%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) over time. Methods : Participants in the French D.E.S.I.R. cohort study included over 4700 men (48.1%) and women, free of diabetes, aged 30–65 years at baseline in 1994–96 (D.E.S.I.R. 0), who were followed for 9 years at 3-yearly intervals (D.E.S.I.R. 3, 1997–99; 6, 2000–02; 9, 2003–05). Antidepressant use, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-%S were assessed concurrently at four medical examinations. Linear mixed models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of time-dependent antidepressant use with changes in these four biological parameters. Results : Mean fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c increased whereas HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-%S decreased over the follow-up. In a fully adjusted model, there were no differences in: mean fasting plasma glucose ( β  = 0.01 mmol/l, P  = 0.702); HbA1c ( β  = 0.01 %, P  = 0.738); HOMA2-%B ( β  = 0.00, P  = 0.812); or HOMA2-%S ( β  =−0.01, P  = 0.791) at baseline (1994–96) between antidepressant users and non-users. The interaction term with time also suggested no differences in the annual change in: fasting plasma glucose ( β  = 0.00 mmol/l, P  = 0.322); HbA1c ( β  = 0.00 %, P  = 0.496); HOMA2-%B ( β  = 0.00, P  = 0.609); or HOMA2-%S ( β  = 0.00, P  = 0.332) between antidepressant users and non-users. Similar associations were observed in analyses of type and cumulative use of antidepressants over follow-up. Conclusion : Our longitudinal data show that use of antidepressants is not associated with altered glucose metabolism, suggesting that the association between antidepressant use and diabetes reported by previous studies may not be causal. Detection bias or clinical ascertainment bias may account for much of this apparent association.

scholarly journals Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Dummy, Active-Controlled, and Multiple-Dose Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig (Ramulus Mori, Sangzhi) Alkaloid Tablet and Acarbose in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Li ◽  
Xuemin Huang ◽  
Hui Ye ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloid (SZ-A) tablet compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods. This clinical trial enrolled 38 patients who were randomized into two groups (SZ-A: 23; acarbose: 15) and were treated for 24 weeks. Patients and clinical trial staffs were masked to treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcome measures were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial and fasting plasma glucose levels from baseline to the end of treatment. Analysis included all patients who completed this study.Results. By the end of this study, HbA1c level in SZ-A group was decreased from baseline significantly (P<0.001). No significant difference was found when compared with acarbose group (P=0.652). Similarly, 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose levels in SZ-A group were decreased from baseline statistically (P<0.05), without any significant differences compared with acarbose group (P=0.748and 0.558, resp.). The fasting plasma glucose levels were not significantly changed in both groups. One of 23 patients in SZ-A group (4.76%) and 5 of 15 patients in acarbose group (33.33%) suffered from gastrointestinal adverse events.Conclusions. Compared with acarbose, SZ-A tablet was effective and safe in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of Exenatide on Splanchnic and Peripheral Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1763-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cersosimo ◽  
A. Gastaldelli ◽  
A. Cervera ◽  
E. Wajcberg ◽  
A. Sriwijilkamol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Objective: Our objective was to examine the mechanisms via which exenatide attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Study Design: Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m2; glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-14C]glucose orally; [3-3H]glucose iv) before and after 2 wk of exenatide. In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal. Total and oral glucose appearance rates (RaT and RaO, respectively), endogenous glucose production (EGP), splanchnic glucose uptake (75 g − RaO), and hepatic insulin resistance (basal EGP × fasting plasma insulin) were determined. Results: After 2 wk of exenatide (protocol I), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 10.2 to 7.6 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 13.2 to 11.3 mm) (P &lt; 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly. After exenatide, basal EGP decreased (from 13.9 to 10.8 μmol/kg · min, P &lt; 0.05), and hepatic insulin resistance declined (both P &lt; 0.05). RaO, gastric emptying (acetaminophen area under the curve), and splanchnic glucose uptake did not change. In protocol II (exenatide given before repeat meal), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 11.1 to 8.9 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 14.2 to 10.1 mm) (P &lt; 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly. After exenatide, basal EGP decreased (from 13.4 to 10.7 μmol/kg · min, P = 0.05). RaT and RaO decreased markedly from 0–180 min after meal ingestion, consistent with exenatide's action to delay gastric emptying. Conclusions: Exenatide improves 1) fasting hyperglycemia by reducing basal EGP and 2) postmeal hyperglycemia by reducing the appearance of oral glucose in the systemic circulation.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT DIABETIC FACTORS IN IMPAIRED FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE OBESE ELDERLY

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Ming-Chieh Ma ◽  
Dee Pei
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
The Relationship

Background: In both developed and developing countries, the relationship between aging an obesity is similar and studies appear to be more important at all ages. Therefore, we focused on patients with impaired fasting blood glucose levels to see the baseline changes in insulin homeostasis. The current study seeks to explain the relationship between insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and glucose effects in obese elderly people. Methods: We randomly enrolled 31subjects who were aged 65 years old. All these patients were obese (body mass index ≥ 25 2 kg/m ) and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was between 100 and 125 mg/dl. Four diabetic factors were calculated and included rst phase insulin secretion (PFIS), second phase insulin secretion (SFIS), insulin resistance (IR) and glucose effectiveness (GE). Results: In the current study, we enrolled 18 male and 13 female subjects. The mean FPG was 108 (mg/dl) in both male and female. All the demographic data were non-signicant when compared with male and female except the hemoglobin. When we compared these four diabetic factors with FPG, we found only SPIS was signicantly negative correlated with FPG in both genders. Discussion: FPG was correlated with SPIS only. FPIS, IR and GE were not correlated with FPG in impaired fasting plasma glucose obese elderly. Further study is needed for understating the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effect of telmisartan on selected adipokines, insulin sensitivity, and substrate utilization during insulin-stimulated conditions in patients with metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Wohl ◽  
Eva Krušinová ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Simona Kratochvílová ◽  
Kateřina Zídková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Fasting Plasma

ObjectiveTelmisartan improves glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents. This study evaluated the effect of telmisartan on insulin sensitivity, substrate utilization, selected plasma adipokines and their expressions in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in metabolic syndrome.Design and methodsTwelve patients with impaired fasting glucose completed the double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Patients received telmisartan (160 mg/day) or placebo for 3 weeks and vice versa with a 2-week washout period. At the end of each period, a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) combined with indirect calorimetry was performed. During HEC (0, 30, and 120 min), plasma levels of adipokines were measured and a needle biopsy (0 and 30 min) of SAT was performed.ResultsFasting plasma glucose was lower after telmisartan compared with placebo (P<0.05). There were no differences in insulin sensitivity and substrate utilization. We found no differences in basal plasma adiponectin, resistin and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), but an increase was found in basal leptin, after telmisartan treatment. Insulin-stimulated plasma adiponectin (P<0.05), leptin and resistin (P<0.001) were increased, whereas TNFα was decreased (P<0.05) after telmisartan treatment. Expression of resistin, but not adiponectin, TNFα and leptin was increased after telmisartan treatment.ConclusionsDespite the decrease in fasting plasma glucose, telmisartan does not improve insulin sensitivity and substrate utilization. Telmisartan increases plasma leptin as well as insulin-stimulated plasma adiponectin, leptin and resistin, and decreases plasma TNFα during HEC. Changes in plasma adipokines cannot be explained by their expressions in SAT. The changes in plasma adipokines might be involved in the metabolic effects of telmisartan in metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance improve in patients with acromegaly converted from depot octreotide to pegvisomant

2003 ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Drake ◽  
SV Rowles ◽  
ME Roberts ◽  
FK Fode ◽  
GM Besser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Igf I

AIM AND METHOD: Insulin resistance leading, in some cases, to glucose intolerance is an important contributory factor to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with acromegaly. The aim of this study was to document changes in insulin sensitivity (IS) in a group of seven patients with acromegaly (three male, four female, mean+/-s.d. age 59+/-13 Years) treated initially with a stable dose of depot octreotide (OT; median dose 30 mg four times weekly, range 10-30 mg) for a median of 18 Months (range 16-19 Months) and who were then transferred to treatment with pegvisomant (median dose 15 mg daily, range 10-20 mg) for a median of 8 Months (range 7-9 Months). IS was assessed by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) using fasting glucose and insulin concentrations and by a short insulin tolerance test (sITT). Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Mean+/-s.d. serum IGF-I concentrations during therapy with OT and with pegvisomant were not statistically different (283+/-119 ng/ml on OT vs 191+/-39 ng/ml on pegvisomant (P=0.4)). However, mean+/-s.d. fasting plasma glucose fell from 6.2+/-1.0 mmol/l on OT to 5.2+/-0.6 mmol/l on pegvisomant (P=0.017) and was lower on pegvisomant in all seven patients. In four patients, fasting plasma glucose fell from values diagnostic of diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose on OT to within the normal range on pegvisomant. Mean+/-s.d. peripheral IS (by sITT) increased from 139+/-39 micromol/l per min on OT to 169+/-59 micromol/l per min on pegvisomant (P=0.037). Mean+/-s.d. IS (by HOMA %S) was unchanged over the course of the study (149.1+/-43.7% on OT vs 139.9+/-76.6% on pegvisomant, P=0.28). Mean+/-s.d. pancreatic beta-cell secretory function (HOMA %B) improved significantly on pegvisomant compared with OT (49.4+/-19.2% vs 82.4+/-43.5%, P=0.01). No statistically significant change in total fat (P=0.3), % fat (P=0.28) or circulating non-esterified fatty acids (P=0.35) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: IS and glucose tolerance improved in patients converted from OT therapy to pegvisomant, without a change in body composition and even when serum IGF-I concentrations remained equally well controlled. This may be an important factor in the choice of medical therapy for patients with acromegaly.

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