scholarly journals Contribution and interaction of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglyceride to diabetes in hypertensive patients: A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Hong ◽  
Yan Ling ◽  
Zhiqiang Lu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Ping Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

scholarly journals Association among age, gender, menopausal status and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041613
Author(s):  
Toshihide Izumida ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura ◽  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Shizukiyo Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesSmall dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) might be a better cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); however, details regarding its epidemiology remain elusive. The present study aimed at evaluating the association between the demographic factors, such as age, gender and menopausal status, and sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in the Japanese population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.Setting13 rural districts in Japan, 2010–2017.ParticipantsThis study included 5208 participants (2397 men and 2811 women), who underwent the health mass screening that was conducted in accordance with the medical care system for the elderly and obtained informed consent for this study.ResultsIn total, 517 premenopausal women (mean age ±SD, 45.1±4.2 years), 2294 postmenopausal women (66.5±8.8 years) and 2397 men (64.1±11.2 years) were analysed. In men, the sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio increased during younger adulthood, peaked (36.4 mg/dL, 0.35) at 50–54 years, and then decreased. In women, relatively regular increasing trends of sdLDL-C level and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio until approximately 65 years (32.7 mg/dL, 0.28), followed by a downward or pleated trend. Given the beta value of age, body mass index, fasting glucose and smoking and drinking status by multiple linear regression analysis, standardised sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in 50-year-old men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women were 26.6, 22.7 and 27.4 mg/dL and 0.24, 0.15 and 0.23, respectively. The differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were significant (p<0.001).ConclusionsSdLDL-C and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratios showed different distributions by age, gender and menopausal status. A subgroup-specific approach would be necessary to implement sdLDL-C for CVD prevention strategies, fully considering age-related trends, gender differences and menopausal status.

scholarly journals Glycaemic, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol control among patients with diabetes mellitus in a specialised clinic in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e026807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Chacha Mwita ◽  
Joel M Francis ◽  
Bernard Omech ◽  
Elizabeth Botsile ◽  
Aderonke Oyewo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

ObjectiveControl of glycaemic, hypertension and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is vital for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The current study was an audit of glycaemic, hypertension and LDL-C control among ambulant patients with T2DM in Botswana. Also, the study aimed at assessing factors associated with attaining optimal glycaemic, hypertension and LDL-C therapeutic goals.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA specialised public diabetes clinic in Gaborone, Botswana.ParticipantsPatients with T2DM who had attended the clinic for ≥3 months between August 2017 and February 2018.Primary outcome measureThe proportion of patients with optimal glycaemic (HbA1c<7%), hypertension (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg) and LDL-C (<1.8 mmol/L) control.ResultsThe proportions of patients meeting optimal targets were 32.3% for glycaemic, 54.2% for hypertension and 20.4% for LDL-C. Age≥ 50 years was positively associated with optimal glycaemic control (adjusted OR [AOR] 5.79; 95% CI 1.08 to 31.14). On the other hand, an increase in diabetes duration was inversely associated with optimal glycemic control (AOR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98). Being on an ACE inhibitor was inversely associated with optimal hypertension control (AOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.85). Being female was inversely associated with optimal LDL-C control (AOR 0.24; 95% CI (0.09 - 0.59).ConclusionPatients with T2DM in Gaborone, Botswana, presented with suboptimal control of recommended glycaemic, hypertension and LDL-C targets. These findings call for urgent individual and health systems interventions to address key determinants of the recommended therapeutic targets among patients with diabetes in this setting.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Measurements: Direct Versus Indirect Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Manushri Sharma ◽  
HS Batra ◽  
Mithu Banerjee ◽  
Arabinda Mohan Bhattarai ◽  
Deeptika Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Friedewald Formula

Introduction: Estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial in management of coronary artery disease patients. The management of dyslipidemia is largely based on the concentration of LDL-C. The objective of this study was to compare direct measurement of LDL-C determined by a homogenous method with LDL-C estimation done by Friedewald formula (FF) in heterogeneous populations. Methods: In this cross sectional study, we measured LDL-C by homogenous method (D-LDL-C) in 1,000 fasting samples & compared with FF (F–LDL-C) used for calculation of LDL-C. The measurements of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were performed using traditional enzymatic methods. The measurements of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C were performed using direct methods with precipitation, and the estimation of the LDL-C fraction was calculated using the FF. Results: Correlation analysis shows that the two methods had significant correlation (p<0.0001). However the FF had positive bias in regard to direct method with TG levels ≤150 mg/dL. No bias was observed between the methods for TG levels from 151-200 mg/dL & from 201-300 mg/dL. Whereas, TG levels from 301-400 mg/dL shows negative bias by FF. Conclusion: The Friedewald’s formula does not shows homogenous performance for estimating LDL-C levels in samples with different TG levels as compared with that of direct method.

scholarly journals Factors associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among hill tribe people aged 30 years and over in Thailand: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwed Kullawong ◽  
Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽  
Panupong Upala ◽  
Ratipark Tamornpark ◽  
Vivat Keawdounglek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the most important types of cholesterol and has an impact on health. Certain lifestyle and dietary habits in different populations may leads to increased levels of LDL-C, particularly among those with poor education and economic statuses, such as hill tribe people in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with high LDL-C levels among hill tribe people in northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to gather information from six main hill tribe populations: Akha, Lahu, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. Individuals who were aged over 30 years and living in 30 selected hill tribe villages were invited to participate in the study. A validated questionnaire and 5-mL blood specimens were used to obtain data. Correlation analyses, chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to detect correlations and associations. Results A total of 2552 participants were recruited into the study; 65.9% were females, and 64.1% were aged younger than 60 years old. Approximately 69.6% of participants had abnormal LDL-C levels; 33.6% had above-optimal levels, 24.3% had borderline high levels, 8.0% had high levels, and 3.7% had very high levels. A total of 17.4% of participants had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high LDL-C levels, while 14.9% had high triglyceride and LDL-C levels. After controlling for sex, age, religion, education, annual family income, and marital status in the multivariate model, three variables were found to be associated with high LDL-C levels: occupation, the amount of lard used in daily cooking, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Those who were working as agriculturalists had a 1.34-fold greater chance of having abnormal LDL-C than traders and others (95% CI = 1.09–1.34). Those who used moderate and high quantities of lard in their daily cooking had a 1.45-fold (95% CI = 1.15–1.82) and 1.31-fold (95% CI = 1.04–1.68) greater likelihood of having abnormal LDL-C levels than those who used low quantities, respectively. Those who had abnormal HbA1c levels were less likely to develop abnormal LDL-C levels than those who had normal HbA1c levels (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–92). Conclusions Effective public health programs that do not conflict with the cultures of hill tribes are urgently needed, particularly programs encouraging the use of small quantities of lard for daily cooking practices.

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