scholarly journals Relationship and factors responsible for regulating fasting and post-challenge plasma glucose levels in the early stage development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Aoyama-Sasabe ◽  
Xin Xin ◽  
Ataru Taniguchi ◽  
Yoshikatsu Nakai ◽  
Rie Mitsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Stage Development

scholarly journals Glucometers for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are they helpful?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Mohan T. Shenoy ◽  
K.T. Shenoy ◽  
Nirmal George
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin Level

Background: The effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is debated in the literature. We aimed at elucidating the association and patterns of complications between SMBG use and plasma glucose values. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 303 participants from outpatient departments with T2DM for over 12 months. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical variables including: anthropometry, SMBG use, disease duration, treatment modality, complications, plasma glucose level, and glycated hemoglobin level (%). Results: The mean duration of T2DM was 93±76 months. Participants were grouped into SMBG users (n=115, 38%) and non-SMBG users (n=188, 62%). The mean fasting plasma glucose levels of SMBG and non-SMBG users were 140.7±42.7 (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 132.72;148.67) mg/dl and 145.4±50 (95%CI: 138.12;152.67) mg/dl (p=0.03), respectively. The mean post-prandial plasma glucose levels of the SMBG and non-SMBG groups were 202±63.42 (95%CI: 190.23;213.76) mg/dl and 209±84.54 (95%CI: 196.56;221.43) mg/dl (p=0.002), respectively. The mean difference in HbA1c among the groups were 8.14±1.69% (95%CI: 7.59;8.68) and 8.15±1.98% (95%CI: 7.27;9.02) (p=0.4), respectively. Hypoglycemia (n=50, 43.5%) was the most common complication. The prevalence of neuropathy (n=5, 4.3%, p=0.036) and cardiovascular disease (n=21, 18.3%, p=0.042) were significantly higher in the SMBG group. Conclusion: Although plasma glucose values were significantly lower in the SMBG group, its clinical significance remains questionable. Furthermore, many participants in both the groups had shortfalls in awareness, monitoring, and glycemic control. SMBG use needs to be evaluated in a cohort of patients with T2DM with adequate health awareness.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF PLASMA GLUCOSE AND SERUM CERULOPLASMIN IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukul Sharma ◽  
Kapil Bhatia ◽  
Pratibha Misra ◽  
Sibin MK ◽  
Vivek N Ambade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Ceruloplasmin ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder occurring due to either defect in the secretion of insulin or defect in the action of insulin characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress due to increased production of mitochondrial Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T2DM. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) acts as an antioxidant through its ferroxidase activity. There is an association between the raised serum Cp levels and elevated plasma glucose levels in Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2hour plasma glucose (2hPG), and serum Cp level in T2DM patients as compared to non diabetics. Materials and methods: 165 cases of T2DM were recruited along with the 40 healthy age and sex matched controls. The blood samples were analyzed for serum Cp and FPG and 2hPG after 75-gram oral glucose. Results: The serum Cp levels of the patient group with T2DM were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.000). There was a significant positive association between serum Cp level and 2hPG level of the patient population (r = 0.283, p = 0.000), but there was no significant correlation found between serum Cp levels and fasting plasma glucose levels in patients (r = 0.146, p =0.061). Similar findings were seen in the sub group analysis. Conclusion: Our study concludes a significant positive correlation between serum Cp and 2hPG levels in T2DM patients. Hence Cp levels may be considered as a part of the routine diagnostic panel to assess diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Serum Ceruloplasmin, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting plasma glucose, 2hour plasma glucose

scholarly journals The role of HbA1c as a diagnostic test for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Md. Matiur Rahman ◽  
Naila Atik Khan ◽  
Mohammad Masurn Alam ◽  
M. Iqbal Arslan ◽  
Md. Golam Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Medical University

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease with microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy and macrovascular complications such as cardiac, peripheral arterial and cerebrovascular disease. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of the study was to investigate the value of HbAlc as a diagnostic test for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladeshi inclividuals. <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemis­try, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total 657 patients, who were attended in the one point sample collection centre of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University for oral glucose tolerance test (OGIT) from 1st April 2014 to 30th June 2014, were purposively enrolled in this study. According to WHO criteria and based on OGIT findings study subjects were categorized into Normoglycemic (257), IFG (82), IGT (174), and DM (347). Fasting plasma glucose. HbA1c and plasma glucose at 2 hour after glucose load on OGIT was done from all the study subjects. <strong>Results:</strong> With a cut-off value of 6.J %, HbAlc had a maximal sensitivity and specificity of 97.0% and 49.0% respectively with a positive predictive value 65.5% and a negative predictive value 94.0%. HbA1c had a sensitivity of 93.0% and a specificity of 63.0% was calculated with a cut-off value of 6.5% with positive predictive value 77.5% and negative predictive value 90.0%. Both fasting plasma glucose levels and 2 hour plasma glucose levels were showed significant positive correlation with HbAlc (r = 0.788, P = 0.000 and r = 0.800, P = 0.000 respectively). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study suggests that measurement of HbAlc could be used to make diagnosis of T2DM in the Bangladeshi population.</p>

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Serum C-Peptide and Plasma Glucose Levels by Orally Administered Whey Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. WILDOVÁ ◽  
P. KRAML ◽  
J. POTOČKOVÁ ◽  
P. DLOUHÝ ◽  
M. ANDĚL
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
Glucose Levels

A personalized antidiabetic therapy is not yet part of the official guidelines of professional societies for clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum C-peptide and plasma glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after oral administration of whey proteins. Sixteen overweight T2DM Caucasians with good glycemic control and with preserved fasting serum C-peptide levels (>200 nmol/l) were enrolled in this study. Two oral stimulation tests – one with 75 g of glucose (OGTT) and the other with 75 g of whey proteins (OWIST) – were administered for assessing serum C-peptide and plasma glucose levels in each participant. Both oral tests induced similar pattern of C-peptide secretion, with a peak at 90 min. The serum C-peptide peak concentration was 2.91±0.27 nmol/l in OWIST, which was 22 % lower than in OGTT. Similarly, the C-peptide iAUC0-180 were 32 % lower in the OWIST than in the OGTT (p<0.01). Contrary to OGTT the OWIST did not cause a significant increase of glycemia (p<0.01). Our study showed that the OWIST represents a useful tool in estimation of stimulated serum C-peptide levels in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Leukocyte telomere length is inversely associated with post-load but not with fasting plasma glucose levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Khalangot ◽  
Dmytro Krasnienkov ◽  
Alexander Vaiserman ◽  
Ivan Avilov ◽  
Volodymir Kovtun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by shorter leukocyte telomere length, but the relationship between leukocyte telomere length and type 2 diabetes mellitus development is rather questioned. Fasting and post-load glycaemia associated with different types of insulin resistance and their relation with leukocyte telomere length remains unknown. We compared leukocyte telomere length and fasting or post-load glucose levels in persons who do not receive glucose lowering treatment. For 82 randomly selected rural residents of Ukraine, aged 45+, not previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the WHO oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometric measurements were performed. Leukocyte telomere length was measured by standardized method of quantitative monochrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction in real time. Spearman’s or Pearson’s rank correlation was used for correlation analysis between fasting plasma glucose or 2-h post-load plasma glucose levels and leukocyte telomere length. Logistical regression models were used to evaluate risks of finding short or long telomeres associated with fasting plasma glucose or 2-h post-load plasma glucose levels. No association of fasting plasma glucose and leukocyte telomere length was revealed, whereas 2-h post-load plasma glucose levels demonstrated a negative correlation ( P < 0.01) with leukocyte telomere length. Waist circumference and systolic blood pressure were negatively related ( P = 0.03) with leukocyte telomere length in men. Oral glucose tolerance test result-based glycemic categories did not show differences between mean leukocyte telomere length in categories of normal fasting plasma glucose and 2-h post-load plasma glucose (NGT, n = 33); diabetes mellitus (DM), n = 18 and impaired fasting glucose/tolerance (IFG/IGT, n = 31) levels. A correlation relationship between leukocyte telomere length and 2-h post-load plasma glucose level in NGT; IFG/IGT and DM groups ( P = 0.027; 0.029 and 0.049, respectively) was revealed; the association between leukocyte telomere length and fasting plasma glucose was confirmed in DM group only ( P = 0.009). Increase of 2-h post-load plasma glucose (but not fasting plasma glucose) level improves the chances of revealing short telomeres: OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.04–2.22), P = 0.03. After the adjustment for age, gender, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, these phenomena remain significant. We conclude that 2-h post-load plasma glucose but not fasting plasma glucose is inversely associated with leukocyte telomere length. Impact statement • Contradictory epidemiologic data have been obtained about the link between the leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is likely to be pathophysiologically heterogeneous, but comparison of the association of LTL separately with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h post-load plasma glucose (2hPG) levels has not been done before. Thus, the study of LTL changes associated with different types of hyperglycaemia, that largely determine the heterogenity of T2D is important. • In a population-based study of rural Ukrainians, we were the first to demonstrate that the increase of 2hPG (but not FPG) level increases the chances of revealing short telomeres. • The obtained data can help to clarify the relationship between the LTL shortening and different conditions of the insulin resistance (mainly liver resistance in high FPG and mostly muscle and adipose tissue resistance in high 2hPG).

scholarly journals Herbal Formula Gegen-Qinlian Decoction for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lin Ren ◽  
Yanxia Cheng ◽  
Feng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background. Herbal formula Gegen-Qinlian Decoction (GQD) has been widely used in China for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its efficacy and safety are unclear. Method. The studies were identified from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Wanfang database, and VIP database using the keywords “Gegenqinlian” or “Gegen-Qinlian” or “Gegen-Qin-Lian” or “Ge Gen Qin Lian.” Relevant studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study selection, data extraction, and validation were carried out by, at least, two reviewers with disagreements being settled by discussion. Results. After literature search, a total of 26 randomized controlled trials were included with a total of 2553 patients. There was evidence that compared with metformin, the combination of GQD and metformin significantly reduced the fasting plasma glucose levels (MD −1.79, 95% CI (−2.31, −1.27), p < 0.00001 ); 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose levels (MD −1.72, 95% CI (−2.12, −1.31), p < 0.00001 ); and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (MD −1.26, 95% CI (−1.80, −0.72), p < 0.00001 ), and no serious side effects were identified. Conclusion. These data suggest that GQD may be an effective herbal formula in treating T2DM without serious side effects. The addition of GQD also enhances the hypoglycemic effects of metformin. However, the evidence remains weak due to methodological flaws, which may amplify the therapeutic benefit of GQD.

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