scholarly journals Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is a significant risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes: Data from the Hawaii-Los Angeles-Hiroshima study

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Hirano ◽  
Shuhei Nakanishi ◽  
Mitsunobu Kubota ◽  
Shusaku Maeda ◽  
Masayasu Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk Factor

scholarly journals Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Norouzi ◽  
Shaghayegh Norouzi ◽  
Alistaire Ruggiero ◽  
Mohammad S. Khan ◽  
Stephen Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Current Outbreak

The current outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has generated a notable challenge for diabetic patients. Overall, people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing different infectious diseases and demonstrate increased mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 progression and its severity, poor prognosis, and increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity is unclear; however, it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Using the envelope spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, a key protein expressed in metabolic organs and tissues such as pancreatic islets. Therefore, it has been suggested that diabetic patients are more susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, as glucose metabolism impairments complicate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease in these patients. In this review, we provide insight into the COVID-19 disease complications relevant to diabetes and try to focus on the present data and growing concepts surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infections in T2DM patients.

Role of nicotinic acid in raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to reduce cardiovascular risk: an Asian/Pacific consensus

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S1-S15
Author(s):  
Philip Barter
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention

ardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Asia, and the burden of disease is expected to rise further in the 21st century. As in Western populations, dyslipidaemia is an important cardiovascular risk factor in Asian people. International guidelines focus on reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, increasing body mass index and prevalence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Asia have highlighted the importance of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as a coronary risk factor. Therapeutic lifestyle changes and pharmacological intervention aimed at raising HDL-C, should benefit such patients. Weight loss and physical However, to achieve target HDL-C levels exercise are important interventions for raising HDL-C. pharmacological intervention is usually necessary. Current treatment options include statins, fibrates and nicotinic acid, either as monotherapy or in combination. Statins are generally regarded as the foundation of lipid-modifying therapy. Mainly via reduction of LDL-C. Both fibrates and nicotinic acidare effective in raising HDL-C levels, and reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The efficacy and safety profile of nicotinic acid demonstrated in Western populations indicates the clinical benefits of this therapy either alone or in combination with a statin. Based on the available evidence, the Pan-Asian Consensus Panel recommends that HDL-C levels should be raised to at least 1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) in Asian patients with CHD or with a high level of risk for premature vascular disease, including patients at high risk with type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome.

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