Development and validation of a mathematical model to quantify antibiotic consumption in paediatric population: A hospital‐based pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Sadasivam ◽  
Shikha Malik ◽  
Shubham Atal ◽  
Shah Newaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Faith Scale for Young Children

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Sungwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Christian Education ◽  
Faith Development ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a faith scale for young children. Data were collected from 424 young children, who had not yet entered elementary school, with their parents rating their faith level. Sixty-five preliminary questions were formulated under three domains―knowing, loving, and living—that were based on existing studies related to faith. The questions were reduced to 40 through a content validity test conducted by a seven-member panel. These questions were subsequently refined through pilot study, main survey, and statistical analysis. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the scale was finalized, comprising 25 questions that can be categorized into three factors: confessional faith life, missional life, and distinctive life. This scale is expected to measure early childhood faith and prove the effectiveness of Christian education programs on a young child’s faith development.

scholarly journals A Novel Metric System to Quantify Antibiotic Consumption in Paediatric Population: A Hospital Based, Biphasic Pilot Study

Discoveries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e119
Author(s):  
Shah Newaz Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Ratinder Jhaj ◽  
Ritendra Patidar ◽  
Mahendra Dangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Standard Unit

Background: The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification / Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) system recommended by World Health Organization is accepted worldwide as the standard method of quantification of drug consumption. However, owing to individual variation in body weight, the ATC/DDD system cannot be used for comparison across paediatric population. Objective: This study aimed to develop a novel metric system for standard quantification of antibiotic consumption in paediatric population. Method: The standard unit of drug quantification in adult population is DDD/100 patient days (PD). We conceived a new unit of DDD/1000 kg-days (KD) where KD is the product of the body weight and length of hospital stay of an individual patient. We simulated the quantification and comparison of drugs in a computer model of five virtual paediatric hospitals (H1 to H5, n=100, 200, 100, 100, 100 respectively). We re-applied the metric system on two, real world, hospital-based, time cohorts (TC) (TC18, n=38 and TC19, n=47) of 2 weeks each, in two consecutive years. Results: The body weights (mean±SD) in H1-H5 were 5.7±3.0, 5.7±2.8, 25.3±8.5, 20.6±11.7 and 19.8±11.4 kg, respectively. The antibiotic consumption in terms of DDD/100 PD and DDD/1000 KD in the five hospitals was 1.26, 1.20, 5.52, 4.41 and 2.00, and 2.24, 2.14, 2.22, 2.17 and 1.06 respectively. In TC18 and TC19, the mean body weight, DDD/100 PD and DDD/1000 KD were 12.24±13.17, 30.93, 20.34 and 19.51±12.28, 11.99, 6.23, respectively. Conclusion: DDD/1000 kg-days is a potential standard unit for drug quantification in paediatric population independent of weight distribution and size of the study sample. The universal application and comparison across diverse samples can generate useful information for resource allocation, anti-microbial stewardship, disease burden and drug use, and can help in taking policy decisions to improve healthcare delivery in the paediatric population.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Performance of a Solar Chimney Model Part II: Model Development and Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Abuashe ◽  
Bashir H Arebi ◽  
Essaied M Shuia
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Good Agreement

A mathematical model based on the momentum, continuity and energy balance equations was developed to simulate the behavior of the air flow inside the solar chimney system. The model can estimate the power output and performance of solar chimney systems. The developed mathematical model is validated by the experimental data that were collected from small pilot solar chimney; (experiment was presented in part I). Good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and that from the mathematical model. The model can be used to analyze the solar chimney systems and to determine the effect of geometrical parameters such as chimney height and collector diameter on the power output and the efficiency of the system

Development and validation of the client engagement and service use scale: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
Emily R. Kline ◽  
Nicole R. DeTore ◽  
Kristen Keefe ◽  
Larry J. Seidman ◽  
Vinod H. Srihari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Client Engagement ◽  
Development And Validation
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