scholarly journals Aetiology of shame and its association with adolescent depression and anxiety: results from a prospective twin and sibling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Nikolić ◽  
Laurie J. Hannigan ◽  
Georgina Krebs ◽  
Abram Sterne ◽  
Alice M. Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sibling Study

Aetiology of shame and its association with adolescent depression and anxiety - CAMHS around the Campfire

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Behavioural Genetics ◽  
Sibling Study

For this session we welcomed Professor Thalia Eley, Professor of Developmental Behavioural Genetics, KCL, to discuss her JCPP paper 'Aetiology of shame and its association with adolescent depression and anxiety: results from a prospective twin and sibling study.'

Childhood Material Hardship and Adolescent Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110018
Author(s):  
Chrisse Edmunds ◽  
Melissa Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescent mental health has implications for current and future wellbeing. While a link exists between poverty and mental health, little is known about how experiencing material hardship, such as insecurity of food, housing, utilities, and medical care, throughout early childhood affects adolescent mental health. We examine the relationship between material hardship in childhood and adolescent mental health. We use Poisson regression to examine the effect of material hardship experienced at different stages of childhood on adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes at age 15. We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,222). We find that recently experiencing material hardship during childhood is positively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms at age 15, even when controlling for material hardship at age 15. Additionally, we find that insecurity during mid-childhood and the stress of lacking basic needs during a critical age may influence mental health in adolescence.

scholarly journals The Genesis 12–19 (G1219) Study: A Twin and Sibling Study of Gene–Environment Interplay and Adolescent Development in the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A. McAdams ◽  
Alice M. Gregory ◽  
Richard Rowe ◽  
Helena M. S. Zavos ◽  
Nicola L. Barclay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Multiple Phenotypes ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
The Uk

The Genesis 12–19 (G1219) Study is an ongoing longitudinal study of a sample of UK twin pairs, non-twin sibling pairs, and their parents. G1219 was initially designed to examine the role of gene–environment interplay in adolescent depression. However, since then data have continued to be collected from both parents and their offspring into young adulthood. This has allowed for longitudinal analyses of depression and has enabled researchers to investigate multiple phenotypes and to ask questions about intermediate mechanisms. The study has primarily focused on emotional development, particularly depression and anxiety, which have been assessed at multiple levels of analysis (symptoms, cognitions, and relevant environmental experiences). G1219 has also included assessment of a broader range of psychological phenotypes ranging from antisocial behaviors and substance use to sleep difficulties, in addition to multiple aspects of the environment. DNA has also been collected. The first wave of data collection began in the year 1999 and the fifth wave of data collection will be complete before the end of 2012. In this article, we describe the sample, data collection, and measures used. We also summarize some of the key findings to date.

Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Housing Insecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110435
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Marçal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression And Anxiety

The present study investigated pathways from childhood exposure to mothers’ intimate partner violence (IPV) to adolescent depression and anxiety. Further, the study examined whether housing insecurity mediated the link from IPV exposure to mental health outcomes. Data came from the Years 5, 9 and 15 interviews of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study; the analytic sample was limited to mothers with at least partial custody of children ( N = 2,425). Structural equation modeling with latent variables investigated research questions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) identified observed indicators for latent constructs, and a path analysis tested direct and indirect pathways from IPV exposure to adolescent depression and anxiety. IPV exposure at age five was associated with increased housing insecurity at age nine, which was associated with increased adolescent depression and anxiety at age 15. Although IPV exposure was not directly associated with either mental health outcome, housing insecurity mediated the link from IPV exposure to adolescent depression. Findings point to the long-term consequences of exposure to intimate partner violence in childhood, highlighting pathways to mental disorder in adolescence. The present study emphasizes the need for policies that protect survivors of IPV from eviction and homelessness, empower them to leave abusers without fear of losing their housing, and promote healthy child development in the wake of family violence.

scholarly journals Partners in Parenting: A Multi-Level Web-Based Approach to Support Parents in Prevention and Early Intervention for Adolescent Depression and Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie BH Yap ◽  
Katherine A Lawrence ◽  
Ronald M Rapee ◽  
Mairead C Cardamone-Breen ◽  
Jacqueline Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Parental Engagement ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Multi Level

Depression and anxiety disorders in young people are a global health concern. Various risk and protective factors for these disorders are potentially modifiable by parents, underscoring the important role parents play in reducing the risk and impact of these disorders in their adolescent children. However, cost-effective, evidence-based interventions for parents that can be widely disseminated are lacking. In this paper, we propose a multi-level public health approach involving a Web-based parenting intervention, Partners in Parenting (PIP). We describe the components of the Web-based intervention and how each component was developed. Development of the intervention was guided by principles of the persuasive systems design model to maximize parental engagement and adherence. A consumer-engagement approach was used, including consultation with parents and adolescents about the content and presentation of the intervention. The PIP intervention can be used at varying levels of intensity to tailor to the different needs of parents across the population. Challenges and opportunities for the use of the intervention are discussed. The PIP Web-based intervention was developed to address the dearth of evidence-based resources to support parents in their important role in their adolescents’ mental health. The proposed public health approach utilizes this intervention at varying levels of intensity based on parents’ needs. Evaluation of each separate level of the model is ongoing. Further evaluation of the whole approach is required to assess the utility of the intervention as a public health approach, as well as its broader effects on adolescent functioning and socioeconomic outcomes.

scholarly journals Medium-Term Effects of a Tailored Web-Based Parenting Intervention to Reduce Adolescent Risk of Depression and Anxiety: 12-Month Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/13628 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. e13628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Bee Hui Yap ◽  
Mairead C Cardamone-Breen ◽  
Ronald M Rapee ◽  
Katherine A Lawrence ◽  
Andrew J Mackinnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background Prevention of depression and anxiety disorders early in life is a global health priority. Evidence on risk and protective factors for youth internalizing disorders indicates that the family represents a strategic setting to target preventive efforts. Despite this evidence base, there is a lack of accessible, cost-effective preventive programs for parents of adolescents. To address this gap, we recently developed the Partners in Parenting (PiP) program—an individually tailored Web-based parenting program targeting evidence-based parenting risk and protective factors for adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. We previously reported the postintervention outcomes of a single-blinded parallel-group superiority randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which PiP was found to significantly improve self-reported parenting compared with an active-control condition (educational factsheets). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the PiP program on parenting risk and protective factors and symptoms of adolescent depression and anxiety using data from the final assessment time point (12-month follow-up) of this RCT. Methods Parents (n=359) and adolescents (n=332) were recruited primarily from secondary schools and completed Web-based assessments of parenting and adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline, postintervention (3 months later), and 12-month follow-up (317 parents, 287 adolescents). Parents in the PiP intervention condition received personalized feedback about their parenting and were recommended a series of up to 9 interactive modules. Control group parents received access to 5 educational factsheets about adolescent development and mental health. Both groups received a weekly 5-min phone call to encourage progress through their program. Results Intervention group parents completed an average of 73.7% of their intended program. For the primary outcome of parent-reported parenting, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement from baseline to 12-month follow-up compared with controls, with a medium effect size (Cohen d=0.51; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.72). When transformed data were used, greater reduction in parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms was observed in the intervention group (Cohen d=−0.21; 95% CI −0.42 to −0.01). Mediation analyses revealed that these effects were mediated by improvements in parenting (indirect effect b=−0.08; 95% CI −0.16 to −0.01). No other significant intervention effects were found for adolescent-reported parenting or adolescent depression or anxiety symptoms. Both groups showed significant reductions in anxiety (both reporters) and depressive (parent reported) symptoms. Conclusions PiP improved self-reported parenting for up to 9 months postintervention, but its effects on adolescent symptoms were less conclusive, and parent-reported changes were not perceived by adolescents. Nonetheless, given its scalability, PiP may be a useful low-cost, sustainable program to empower parents of adolescents. Trial Registration Australian Clinical Trials Registration Number (ACTRN): 12615000328572; http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12615000328572.aspx (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qgsZ3Aqj).

Evaluating the role of engagement in a web-based intervention to improve parenting risk and protective factors for adolescent depression and anxiety disorders (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire C Nicolas ◽  
Anthony F Jorm ◽  
Katherine A Lawrence ◽  
Marie BH Yap
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Parenting Programs ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Multiple Measures

BACKGROUND A large body of evidence highlights the important role of parental behavior in reducing the risk of, and increasing the protective factors for, adolescent internalizing disorders. The possible benefits offered by preventive parenting programs may be undermined by low rates of engagement by parents. Online interventions have the potential to mitigate the common barriers to participation and engagement in face-to-face preventive parenting programs. However, there is a surprising lack of studies that report on the relationship between intervention engagement and improvement in target outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the predictive power of several measures of engagement in a Web-based intervention aimed at increasing parental protective factors and reducing risk factors for adolescent depression and anxiety. We aimed to ascertain which measures of program engagement best predict 3-month post-intervention and 12-month follow-up scores on preventive parenting, parental self-efficacy (PSE), and adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms. METHODS Our sample comprised 176 parents who received the Partners in Parenting (‘PiP’) intervention and their adolescents. Engagement was measured through multiple measures derived from server logs on a web database. Potential predictors included total modules completed, percentage of intended modules completed, percentage of quiz questions answered correctly, and percentage of goals completed. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that the total modules completed predicted parent rated preventive parenting at post-intervention, and a combination of the total modules completed, percentage of intended modules completed, and percentage of quiz questions answered predicted PSE scores at post-intervention. At 12-month follow up, a combination of engagement measures predicted preventive parenting scores, and the percentage of intended modules completed predicted PSE scores. The percentage of intended modules completed predicted parent report of adolescent depressive symptoms at 12-month follow-up. None of the engagement measures predicted adolescent report of preventive parenting or their own symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that future programs will benefit from including multiple measures of engagement and reinforce the importance of examining the longer-term effects of engagement. Our study provides evidence for the benefits of including goal-setting exercises as a persuasive feature and ensuring quiz questions are challenging. The implications of these findings for future program development, as well as our understanding of improvement in behavior and symptoms through intervention, are discussed.

scholarly journals Anxiety, depression and health locus of control in secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Marta Kuty-Pachecka ◽  
◽  
Monika Kozłowska ◽  
Karolina Skórska ◽  
Katarzyna Gucwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic young people are experiencing anxiety and tension associated with an unusual, unclear and unpredictable situation. Deterioration of the economic situation resulting from the pandemic, social distancing, school closure and a real threat to health and life are strong anxiety-inducing factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the level of depression among adolescents and which of the factors related to the pandemic (health-related anxieties and restrictions) were the most difficult for them. We also wanted to verify the differences in depression and anxiety in girls and boys, and the relationship between anxiety, depression and health locus of control in adolescents. Method: The study covered 296 people from 17 to 19 years old. The research was carried out using the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC). Results: The results of the study indicate that the youth experience elevated levels of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. 75% of the participants experienced depression symptoms. The severity of the perceived state of anxiety and depressive symptoms was significantly higher among adolescent girls than among boys. In addition, individuals who reported anxious thoughts about the possibility of someone in their family contracting COVID-19 experienced significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than those who did not. Additionally, the internal health locus of control negatively correlated with both anxiety as a state and depression, while the external (chance-related) health locus of control correlated positively with depression and anxiety.

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