Executive function mediates the prospective association between neurostructural differences within the central executive network and anti‐social behavior after childhood traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Ryan ◽  
Cathy Catroppa ◽  
Nathan Hughes ◽  
Felicity L. Painter ◽  
Stephen Hearps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Central Executive Network ◽  
Prospective Association

Profiles of Executive Function Across Children with Distinct Brain Disorders: Traumatic Brain Injury, Stroke, and Brain Tumor

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel C. Araujo ◽  
Tanya N. Antonini ◽  
Vicki Anderson ◽  
Kathryn A. Vannatta ◽  
Christina G. Salley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Orthopedic Injury

AbstractObjectives:This study examined whether children with distinct brain disorders show different profiles of strengths and weaknesses in executive functions, and differ from children without brain disorder.Methods:Participants were children with traumatic brain injury (N=82; 8–13 years of age), arterial ischemic stroke (N=36; 6–16 years of age), and brain tumor (N=74; 9–18 years of age), each with a corresponding matched comparison group consisting of children with orthopedic injury (N=61), asthma (N=15), and classmates without medical illness (N=68), respectively. Shifting, inhibition, and working memory were assessed, respectively, using three Test of Everyday Attention: Children’s Version (TEA-Ch) subtests: Creature Counting, Walk-Don’t-Walk, and Code Transmission. Comparison groups did not differ in TEA-Ch performance and were merged into a single control group. Profile analysis was used to examine group differences in TEA-Ch subtest scaled scores after controlling for maternal education and age.Results:As a whole, children with brain disorder performed more poorly than controls on measures of executive function. Relative to controls, the three brain injury groups showed significantly different profiles of executive functions. Importantly, post hoc tests revealed that performance on TEA-Ch subtests differed among the brain disorder groups.Conclusions:Results suggest that different childhood brain disorders result in distinct patterns of executive function deficits that differ from children without brain disorder. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. (JINS, 2017,23, 529–538)

scholarly journals Correlation of diffusion tensor imaging with executive function measures after early childhood traumatic brain injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Kurowski ◽  
Shari L. Wade ◽  
Kim M. Cecil ◽  
Nicolay C. Walz ◽  
Weihong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Diffusion Tensor

scholarly journals Social cognition and emotion regulation: a multifaceted treatment (T-ScEmo) for patients with traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herma J Westerhof-Evers ◽  
Annemarie C Visser-Keizer ◽  
Luciano Fasotti ◽  
Jacoba M Spikman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
E Learning

Background: Many patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury have deficits in social cognition. Social cognition refers to the ability to perceive, interpret, and act upon social information. Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of treatment for impairments of social cognition in patients with traumatic brain injury. Moreover, these studies have targeted only a single aspect of the problem. They all reported improvements, but evidence for transfer of learned skills to daily life was scarce. We evaluated a multifaceted treatment protocol for poor social cognition and emotion regulation impairments (called T-ScEmo) in patients with traumatic brain injury and found evidence for transfer to participation and quality of life. Purpose: In the current paper, we describe the theoretical underpinning, the design, and the content of our treatment of social cognition and emotion regulation (T-ScEmo). Theory into practice: The multifaceted treatment that we describe is aimed at improving social cognition, regulation of social behavior and participation in everyday life. Some of the methods taught were already evidence-based and derived from existing studies. They were combined, modified, or extended with newly developed material. Protocol design: T-ScEmo consists of 20 one-hour individual sessions and incorporates three modules: (1) emotion perception, (2) perspective taking and theory of mind, and (3) regulation of social behavior. It includes goal-setting, psycho-education, function training, compensatory strategy training, self-monitoring, role-play with participation of a significant other, and homework assignments. Recommendations: It is strongly recommended to offer all three modules, as they build upon each other. However, therapists can vary the time spent per module, in line with the patients’ individual needs and goals. In future, development of e-learning modules and virtual reality sessions might shorten the treatment.

scholarly journals The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Anxiety in Patients With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Luiza Zaninotto ◽  
Hayden M. Ventresca ◽  
Iuri Santana Neville ◽  
Cintya Yukie Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of neuropsychiatric disorders in young adults. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to improve psychiatric symptoms in other neurologic disorders, such as focal epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and fibromyalgia. However, the efficacy of rTMS as a treatment for anxiety in persons with TBI has never been investigated. This exploratory post-hoc analyzes the effects of rTMS on anxiety, depression and executive function in participants with moderate to severe chronic TBI.Methods: Thirty-six participants with moderate to severe TBI and anxiety symptoms were randomly assigned to an active or sham rTMS condition in a 1:1 ratio. A 10-session protocol was used with 10-Hz rTMS stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 20 min each session, a total of 2,000 pulses were applied at each daily session (40 stimuli/train, 50 trains). Anxiety symptoms; depression and executive function were analyzed at baseline, after the last rTMS session, and 90 days post intervention.Results: Twenty-seven participants completed the entire protocol and were included in the post-hoc analysis. Statistical analysis showed no interaction of group and time (p > 0.05) on anxiety scores. Both groups improved depressive and executive functions over time, without time and group interaction (ps < 0.05). No adverse effects were reported in either intervention group.Conclusion: rTMS did not improve anxiety symptoms following high frequency rTMS in persons with moderate to severe TBI.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02167971.

scholarly journals The mentalizing network and theory of mind mediate adjustment after childhood traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R Hoskinson ◽  
Erin D Bigler ◽  
Tracy J Abildskov ◽  
Maureen Dennis ◽  
H Gerry Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Tbi

Abstract Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 600 000 children per year in the United States. Following TBI, children are vulnerable to deficits in psychosocial adjustment and neurocognition, including social cognition, which persist long-term. They are also susceptible to direct and secondary damage to related brain networks. In this study, we examine whether brain morphometry of the mentalizing network (MN) and theory of mind (ToM; one component of social cognition) mediates the effects of TBI on adjustment. Children with severe TBI (n = 15, Mage = 10.32), complicated mild/moderate TBI (n = 30, Mage = 10.81) and orthopedic injury (OI; n = 42, Mage = 10.65) completed measures of ToM and executive function and underwent MRI; parents rated children’s psychosocial adjustment. Children with severe TBI demonstrated reduced right-hemisphere MN volume, and poorer ToM, vs children with OI. Ordinary least-squares path analysis indicated that right-hemisphere MN volume and ToM mediated the association between severe TBI and adjustment. Parallel analyses substituting the central executive network and executive function were not significant, suggesting some model specificity. Children at greatest risk of poor adjustment after TBI could be identified based in part on neuroimaging of social brain networks and assessment of social cognition and thereby more effectively allocate limited intervention resources.

scholarly journals Executive Function Profiles in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik N. Ringdahl ◽  
Megan L. Becker ◽  
Julia E. Hussey ◽  
Nicholas S. Thaler ◽  
Sally J. Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
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