scholarly journals Eye‐tracking for longitudinal assessment of social cognition in children born preterm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Dean ◽  
Lorna Ginnell ◽  
Victoria Ledsham ◽  
Athanasios Tsanas ◽  
Emma Telford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of social cognition in infants born preterm using eye‐tracking and parent–child play

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Dean ◽  
Sinéad O'Carroll ◽  
Lorna Ginnell ◽  
Victoria Ledsham ◽  
Emma Telford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Child Play ◽  
Parent Child

Eye‐tracking for longitudinal assessment of social cognition in children born preterm – video abstract

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Video Abstract

Video abstract from Bethan Dean on the paper 'Eye‐tracking for longitudinal assessment of social cognition in children born preterm', in The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Social Cognition in Children Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Eye Tracking Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galli ◽  
F. Gitti ◽  
M. Lanaro ◽  
A. Rizzi ◽  
M.A. Pavlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The Upper Eye Bias: Rotated Faces Draw Fixations to the Upper Eye

Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Davidenko ◽  
Hema Kopalle ◽  
Bruce Bridgeman
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gaze Bias

There is a consistent left-gaze bias when observers fixate upright faces, but it is unknown how this bias manifests in rotated faces, where the two eyes appear at different heights on the face. In two eye-tracking experiments, we measured participants’ first and second fixations, while they judged the expressions of upright and rotated faces. We hypothesized that rotated faces might elicit a bias to fixate the upper eye. Our results strongly confirmed this hypothesis, with the upper eye bias completely dominating the left-gaze bias in ±45° faces in Experiment 1, and across a range of face orientations (±11.25°, ±22.5°, ±33.75°, ±45°, and ±90°) in Experiment 2. In addition, rotated faces elicited more overall eye-directed fixations than upright faces. We consider potential mechanisms of the upper eye bias in rotated faces and discuss some implications for research in social cognition.

scholarly journals Novel instructionless eye tracking tasks identify emotion recognition deficits in frontotemporal dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy L. Russell ◽  
Caroline V. Greaves ◽  
Rhian S. Convery ◽  
Jennifer Nicholas ◽  
Jason D. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Complex Emotion

Abstract Background Current tasks measuring social cognition are usually ‘pen and paper’ tasks, have ceiling effects and include complicated test instructions that may be difficult to understand for those with cognitive impairment. We therefore aimed to develop a set of simple, instructionless, quantitative, tasks of emotion recognition using the methodology of eye tracking, with the subsequent aim of assessing their utility in individuals with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Methods Using the Eyelink 1000 Plus eye tracker, 18 bvFTD and 22 controls completed tasks of simple and complex emotion recognition that involved viewing four images (one target face (simple) or pair of eyes (complex) and the others non-target) followed by a target emotion word and lastly the original four images alongside the emotion word. A dwell time change score was then calculated as the main outcome measure by subtracting the percentage dwell time for the target image before the emotion word appeared away from the percentage dwell time for the target image after the emotion word appeared. All participants also underwent a standard cognitive battery and volumetric T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Results Analysis using a mixed effects model showed that the average (standard deviation) mean dwell time change score in the target interest area was 35 (27)% for the control group compared with only 4 (18)% for the bvFTD group (p < 0.05) for the simple emotion recognition task, and 15 (26)% for the control group compared with only 2 (18)% for the bvFTD group (p < 0.05) for the complex emotion recognition task. Worse performance in the bvFTD group correlated with atrophy in the right ventromedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, brain regions previously implicated in social cognition. Conclusions In summary, eye tracking is a viable tool for assessing social cognition in individuals with bvFTD, being well-tolerated and able to overcome some of the problems associated with standard psychometric tasks.

scholarly journals The understanding of congruent and incongruent referential gaze in 17-month-old infants: an eye-tracking study comparing human and robot

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Manzi ◽  
M. Ishikawa ◽  
C. Di Dio ◽  
S. Itakura ◽  
T. Kanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gaze Following ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Tracking Technique ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Face

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that the human gaze, but not the robot gaze, has significant effects on infant social cognition and facilitate social engagement. The present study investigates early understanding of the referential nature of gaze by comparing—through the eye-tracking technique—infants’ response to human and robot’s gaze. Data were acquired on thirty-two 17-month-old infants, watching four video clips, where either a human or a humanoid robot performed an action on a target. The agent’s gaze was either turned to the target (congruent) or opposite to it (incongruent). The results generally showed that, independent of the agent, the infants attended longer at the face area compared to the hand and target. Additionally, the effect of referential gaze on infants’ attention to the target was greater when infants watched the human compared to the robot’s action. These results suggest the presence, in infants, of two distinct levels of gaze-following mechanisms: one recognizing the other as a potential interactive partner, the second recognizing partner's agency. In this study, infants recognized the robot as a potential interactive partner, whereas ascribed agency more readily to the human, thus suggesting that the process of generalizability of gazing behaviour to non-humans is not immediate.

scholarly journals Attentional Cueing and Executive Deficits Revealed by a Virtual Supermarket Task Coupled With Eye-Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Mouga ◽  
Isabel Catarina Duarte ◽  
Cátia Café ◽  
Daniela Sousa ◽  
Frederico Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Executive Deficits ◽  
Attentional Cueing

Executive functioning (EF) impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) impact on complex functions, such as social cognition. We assessed this link between EF, attentional cueing, and social cognition with a novel ecological task, “EcoSupermarketX.” Our task had three blocks of increasing executive load and incorporated social and non-social cues, with different degrees of saliency. Performance of ASD and typical neurodevelopment was compared. The ASD showed a significant performance dependence on the presence of contextual cues. Difficulties increased as a function of cognitive load. Between-group differences were found both for social and non-social salient cues. Eye-tracking measures showed significantly larger fixation time of more salient social cues in ASD. In sum, EcoSupermarketX is sensitive to detect EF and attentional cueing deficits in ASD.

scholarly journals Combining fMRI and Eye-tracking for the Study of Social Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110654
Author(s):  
Kristin Marie Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Complex Stimulus ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Stimulus Features

The study of social cognition with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) affords the use of complex stimulus material. Visual attention to distinct aspects of these stimuli can result in the involvement of remarkably different neural systems. Usually, the influence of gaze on neural signal is either disregarded or dealt with by controlling gaze of participants through instructions or tasks. However, behavioral restrictions like this limit the study’s ecological validity. Thus, it would be preferable if participants freely look at the stimuli while their gaze traces are measured. Yet several impediments hamper a combination of fMRI and eye-tracking. In our recent work on neural Theory of Mind processes in alexithymia, we propose a simple way of integrating dwell time on specific stimulus features into general linear models of fMRI data. By parametrically modeling fixations, we were able to distinguish neural processes asssociated with specific stimulus features looked at. Here, I discuss opportunities and obstacles of this approach in more detail. My goal is to motivate a wider use of parametric models — usually implemented in common fMRI software packages — to combine fMRI and eye-tracking data.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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