scholarly journals Saccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Bast ◽  
Luke Mason ◽  
Christine M. Freitag ◽  
Tim Smith ◽  
Ana Maria Portugal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Visual Exploration

Reducing facial dynamics’ speed during speech enhances attention to mouth in children with autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bruno Gepner ◽  
Anaïs Godde ◽  
Aurore Charrier ◽  
Nicolas Carvalho ◽  
Carole Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Face ◽  
Visual Fixations

Abstract Facial movements of others during verbal and social interaction are often too rapid to be faced and/or processed in time by numerous children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which could contribute to their face-to-face interaction peculiarities. We wish here to measure the effect of reducing the speed of one's facial dynamics on the visual exploration of the face by children with ASD. Twenty-three children with ASD and 29 typically-developing control children matched for chronological age passively viewed a video of a speaker telling a story at various velocities, i.e., a real-time speed and two slowed-down speeds. The visual scene was divided into four areas of interest (AOI): face, mouth, eyes, and outside the face. With an eye-tracking system, we measured the percentage of total fixation duration per AOI and the number and mean duration of the visual fixations made on each AOI. In children with ASD, the mean duration of visual fixations on the mouth region, which correlated with their verbal level, increased at slowed-down velocity compared with the real-time one, a finding which parallels a result also found in the control children. These findings strengthen the therapeutic potential of slowness for enhancing verbal and language abilities in children with ASD.

Non-intrusive and calibration free visual exploration analysis in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2015 ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cazzato ◽  
Francesco Adamo ◽  
Giuseppe Palestra ◽  
Giulia Crifaci ◽  
Paola Pennisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Calibration Free

scholarly journals Saccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Video Abstract

Dr. Nico Bast in a video abstract of his JCPP paper 'Saccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder'. First published: 25 May 2020

A Statistical Physics Perspective to Understand Social Visual Attention in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Liberati ◽  
Roberta Fadda ◽  
Giuseppe Doneddu ◽  
Sara Congiu ◽  
Marco A. Javarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Subjective Expectations ◽  
Children With Asd

This study investigated social visual attention in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and with typical development (TD) in the light of Brockmann and Geisel’s model of visual attention. The probability distribution of gaze movements and clustering of gaze points, registered with eye-tracking technology, was studied during a free visual exploration of a gaze stimulus. A data-driven analysis of the distribution of eye movements was chosen to overcome any possible methodological problems related to the subjective expectations of the experimenters about the informative contents of the image in addition to a computational model to simulate group differences. Analysis of the eye-tracking data indicated that the scanpaths of children with TD and ASD were characterized by eye movements geometrically equivalent to Lévy flights. Children with ASD showed a higher frequency of long saccadic amplitudes compared with controls. A clustering analysis revealed a greater dispersion of eye movements for these children. Modeling of the results indicated higher values of the model parameter modulating the dispersion of eye movements for children with ASD. Together, the experimental results and the model point to a greater dispersion of gaze points in ASD.

Development of Neural Structure and Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Implications for Learning Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1783-1797
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Coburn ◽  
Diane L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
And Function

Purpose Neurodevelopmental processes that begin during gestation and continue throughout childhood typically support language development. Understanding these processes can help us to understand the disruptions to language that occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method For this tutorial, we conducted a focused literature review on typical postnatal brain development and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography studies of the neurodevelopmental differences that occur in ASD. We then integrated this knowledge with the literature on evidence-based speech-language intervention practices for autistic children. Results In ASD, structural differences include altered patterns of cortical growth and myelination. Functional differences occur at all brain levels, from lateralization of cortical functions to the rhythmic activations of single neurons. Neuronal oscillations, in particular, could help explain disrupted language development by elucidating the timing differences that contribute to altered functional connectivity, complex information processing, and speech parsing. Findings related to implicit statistical learning, explicit task learning, multisensory integration, and reinforcement in ASD are also discussed. Conclusions Consideration of the neural differences in autistic children provides additional scientific support for current recommended language intervention practices. Recommendations consistent with these neurological findings include the use of short, simple utterances; repetition of syntactic structures using varied vocabulary; pause time; visual supports; and individualized sensory modifications.

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