scholarly journals Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Rowland ◽  
Betty J. Skipper ◽  
David L. Rabiner ◽  
Fares Qeadan ◽  
Richard A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Maternal spontaneous abortion and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Maohua Miao ◽  
Yongfu Yu ◽  
Honglei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is a maternal history of spontaneous abortion (SA) associated with an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest an association between maternal history of SA and ADHD in offspring, with the risk increasing with the number of maternal SA and highest in the firstborn children whose mothers had had recurrent SAs after adjusting for a number of potential confounders. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A history of SA has been associated with more complications in next pregnancies and adverse childbirth outcomes, which are risk factors for ADHD in the offspring. However, no previous study has investigated whether maternal SA increases risk of ADHD in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This population-based study included all live-born children in Denmark from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2012 (n = 1 062 667). All children were followed from 3 years of age until the day of ADHD diagnosis, death, emigration or 31 December 2016, whichever came first. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS There were 130 206 (12.2%) children born to mothers who had at least one SA. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 5.4–14.3), 25 747 children were diagnosed with ADHD. Overall, children of mothers with a history of SA had an increased rate of ADHD (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.15). The HRs increased with the number of maternal SA, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.13) for one SA and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.33) for at least two SAs, respectively. These findings were consistent when we took into consideration a number of factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status, type of SA, birth order, parental history of psychiatric disorders, pregnancy characteristics and adverse birth outcomes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Misclassification of SA was possible as we used population-based register data to capture maternal history of SA. However, any misclassification of maternal history of SA would be non-differential with regard to the diagnosis of ADHD in offspring, which generally leads to underestimation of the associations. Furthermore, probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested that only 1% of change in the estimate may have been due to misclassification of SA. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS SA is quite frequent (varying from 15 to 20%), and a small increase of neurodevelopmental problems in offspring could have major public health implications. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703237, No. 81530086 and No. 81761128035), National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFC1002801, 2016YFC1000505), Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (No. 2017ZZ02026, No. 2017EKHWYX-02), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18OC0052029), the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-6110-00019), the Nordic Cancer Union (176673, 186200 and R217-A13234-18-S65), Karen Elise Jensens Fond (2016) and Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2018YJRC03). All authors report no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.

scholarly journals Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among individuals with a family history of alcohol use disorders

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Jianguang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of

Recent studies suggest de novo mutations may involve the pathogenesis of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on the evidence that excessive alcohol consumption may be associated with an increased rate of de novo mutations in germ cells (sperms or eggs), we examine here whether the risks of autism and ADHD are increased among individuals with a family history of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of autism and ADHD among individuals with a biological parental history of AUDs were 1.39 (95% CI 1.34–1.44) and 2.19 (95% CI 2.15–2.23), respectively, compared to individuals without an affected parent. Among offspring whose parents were diagnosed with AUDs before their birth, the corresponding risks were 1.46 (95% CI 1.36–1.58) and 2.70 (95% CI 2.59–2.81), respectively. Our study calls for extra surveillance for children with a family history of AUDs, and further studies examining the underlying mechanisms are needed.

Development of Tics in a Thirteen-Year-Old Male Following Atomoxetine Use

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sears ◽  
Nitin C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Interventional Therapy ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapies

ABSTRACTTics and Tourette syndrome are common comorbidities of patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One of the mainstay pharmacologic therapies for ADHD has been stimulants. However, this class of drugs has been associated with tic exacerbations, thus limiting their utility in this patients subgroup. Atomoxetine has been explored as an alternative treatment as one of the few non-stimulants available to treat ADHD. Early data identifies atomoxetine's influence on Tourette symptomatology to be not merely equivocal but potentially suppressive in the manifestation of tics. There are, however, case studies describing patients experiencing recurrences of tics following treatment with atomoxetine. We present a unique case of a patient, without any prior history of a movement disorder, who developed tics following a single dose of atomoxetine that did not improve until interventional therapy was initiated.

scholarly journals Disruptions of working memory and inhibition mediate the association between exposure to institutionalization and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tibu ◽  
M. A. Sheridan ◽  
K. A. McLaughlin ◽  
C. A. Nelson ◽  
N. A. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Early Deprivation ◽  
Institutionalized Children ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundYoung children raised in institutions are exposed to extreme psychosocial deprivation that is associated with elevated risk for psychopathology and other adverse developmental outcomes. The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is particularly high in previously institutionalized children, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. We investigated whether deficits in executive functioning (EF) explain the link between institutionalization and ADHD.MethodA sample of 136 children (aged 6–30 months) was recruited from institutions in Bucharest, Romania, and 72 never institutionalized community children matched for age and gender were recruited through general practitioners’ offices. At 8 years of age, children's performance on a number of EF components (working memory, response inhibition and planning) was evaluated. Teachers completed the Health and Behavior Questionnaire, which assesses two core features of ADHD, inattention and impulsivity.ResultsChildren with history of institutionalization had higher inattention and impulsivity than community controls, and exhibited worse performance on working memory, response inhibition and planning tasks. Lower performances on working memory and response inhibition, but not planning, partially mediated the association between early institutionalization and inattention and impulsivity symptom scales at age 8 years.ConclusionsInstitutionalization was associated with decreased EF performance and increased ADHD symptoms. Deficits in working memory and response inhibition were specific mechanisms leading to ADHD in previously institutionalized children. These findings suggest that interventions that foster the development of EF might reduce risk for psychiatric problems in children exposed to early deprivation.

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