scholarly journals Research Review: Executive function deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Kingdon ◽  
Christopher Cardoso ◽  
Jennifer J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Comparing Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1801-1815
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Khoury ◽  
Karen Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Objective: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are associated with a range of neurocognitive impairments. Executive functioning deficits are a hallmark feature of both disorders. Method: The present meta-analysis was undertaken to disentangle the behavioral phenotype of FASD and ADHD by quantitatively differentiating executive functioning differences between these two groups. The current meta-analysis reviews 15 studies comparing children and adolescents with FASD and ADHD to typically developing (TD) samples, on a variety of executive function measures. Results: Results indicate that when compared with TD samples, FASD and ADHD samples demonstrate significant executive function deficits ( d = 0.82 and d = 0.55, respectively). In addition, FASD samples experience significantly greater deficits when compared with ADHD samples ( d = 0.25). Results were moderated by IQ and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: These findings further our understanding of the cognitive differences between FASD and ADHD samples and have the potential to influence future basic research, assessment, and intervention.

Parenting Stress and Sensory Processing: Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Jirikowic ◽  
Heather Carmichael Olson ◽  
Susan Astley
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Processing Deficits ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Sensory processing differences are reported in a high proportion of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but how these problems impact caregiver burden has not been investigated. Linear regression was used to examine the association between parenting stress and problems in sensory processing, along with other child and family characteristics, among 52 children aged 5 to 12 years with FASD. Participants also had clinically significant problem behaviors. Higher levels of child-related parenting stress were moderately correlated with more parent-reported sensory processing problems ( r = −.60). Regression findings revealed that parent-reported problems in children's behavior regulation, an aspect of executive function, and sensory processing deficits were the strongest predictors of child-related parenting stress, together accounting for 62% of variance. Children's sensory processing deficits and executive function impairments affect the parent—child system and should be central considerations when developing family-centered supports for children with FASD.

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