Procedural Politics Revisited: Institutional Incentives and Jurisdictional Ambiguity in EU Competence Disputes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Ovádek
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Incentives

INTERACTION OF THE STATE AND BUSINESS – A KEY FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
O. V. TITOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Institutional Incentives ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Innovation Policies

The article shows the relevance of the national strategy of innovative development, which is actively implemented by regional authorities throughout the country. It provides comprehensive guidelines for the development and implementation of innovation policies in different regions. Institutional incentives and constraints for local authorities to implement this strategy are considered.

Prosecutors and their Legislatures, Legislatures and their Prosecutors

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-350
Author(s):  
Russell M. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
State Level ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Incentives ◽  
Fiscal Pressure ◽  
Meaningful Data ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores the often-pathological relationship between prosecutors and legislatures and considers fiscal pressure as an important antidote to the pathology. Institutional incentives between prosecutors and legislatures align in a way quite different than the classic separation of powers story. Rather, legislatures are well served to empower prosecutors as much as possible by making criminal law broad and deep. And with respect to substantive criminal law, prosecutors have been enormously empowered. Prosecutors are not merely passive recipients of such power but indeed actively lobby for it—often quite successfully. But fiscal pressures can provide a cross-cutting pressure for legislatures, particularly at the state level where many governments must balance their budgets. Thus, sentencing law sometimes finds legislatures refusing prosecutors’ requests for ever longer or mandatory minimum sentences because longer sentences are expensive; this is especially true where sentencing commissions provide legislatures with meaningful data on costs of particular proposals. Criminal procedure has recently found progressive prosecutors leading the way toward defendant-friendly reforms such as using unaffordable money bail less frequently and providing defendants with more discovery than is required by law. In these spaces, county prosecutors have provided laboratories of experimentation that led the way toward broader statewide reforms.

scholarly journals Institutional incentives and pressures in Chinese manufacturing firms’ innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-827
Author(s):  
Yongli Tang ◽  
Xinyue Hu ◽  
Claudio Petti ◽  
Matthias Thürer
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Incentives ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
Innovation Policies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Chinese firms’ innovation is related to their perceived incentives and pressures from the transitioning institutional environment. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 166 manufacturing firms located in Guangdong Province (China) is analyzed using binomial and moderated multiple regression models. Findings The results show that institutional incentives are more effective in promoting incremental innovations than radical ones, whereas institutional pressures are more pronounced in facilitating radical innovations than incremental ones. In addition, the interaction between the two divergent institutional forces is negatively related to innovation performance. Practical implications The findings inform managers and policy makers in institutional transition environments to consider and balance the effects of institutional forces. Firms should match the institutional incentives and pressures with their own innovation objectives in terms of incremental or radical goals, and take caution to deal with the divergent institutional directions, so as to avoid the negative interaction effects. Policy makers should take a systems approach when considering the incentive-based and/or command-and-control designs of innovation policies and regulations. Originality/value The study contributes to existing literature on institutions and innovation by disentangling incentive and pressure effects of institutions, regulation and innovation policies, as well as the combined and interaction effects intrinsic within institutional mixes.

scholarly journals Why psychiatric discharge summaries do not contain the mental state examination at discharge

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
Marco Akerman ◽  
Mark McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Institutional Incentives ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Discharge Summaries

In an era where computerised information is dominant, it may seem an eccentric enterprise to assess the quality of case-notes and to propose changes in the notekeeping process. There are no institutional incentives for clinicians to provide organised and standardised clinical notes (Casper, 1987) and there is no clear evidence that poor notekeeping means that satisfactory care has not been provided.

Intellectual conformism depends on institutional incentives, not on socialized culture

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-570
Author(s):  
Li Bennich-Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Academic Behavior ◽  
The Core ◽  
Institutional Incentives

The study by Ceci et al. shows that academic behavior associated with the core principles of intellectual freedom is more shaped by institutional incentives than by organizational culture. From an organizational theoretical point of view, this is quite an unexpected finding, not least because we do believe universities to be fairly strong and explicit cultures that should be successful in socialization.

scholarly journals Institutional incentives for altruism: gifting blood in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengpu Yu ◽  
Eleanor Holroyd ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Joseph Tak Fai Lau
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Incentives
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