scholarly journals Bisphosphonate‐enoxacin inhibit osteoclast formation and function by abrogating RANKL‐induced JNK signalling pathways during osteoporosis treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Ping Zhan ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Fengbo Mo ◽  
Huaen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
And Function ◽  
Inhibit Osteoclast Formation

scholarly journals Piceatannol attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by suppressing MAPK, NF-κB and AKT signalling pathways and promotes Caspase3-mediated apoptosis of mature osteoclasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuliu Yan ◽  
Lulu Lu ◽  
Fangbin Hu ◽  
Dattatrya Shetti ◽  
Kun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function

Osteoclasts are multinuclear giant cells that have unique ability to degrade bone. The search for new medicines that modulate the formation and function of osteoclasts is a potential approach for treating osteoclast-related bone diseases. Piceatannol (PIC) is a natural organic polyphenolic stilbene compound found in diverse plants with a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of PIC on bone health has not been scrutinized systematically. In this study, we used RAW264.7, an osteoclast lineage of cells of murine macrophages, to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of PIC on osteoclasts. Here, we demonstrated that PIC treatment ranging from 0 to 40 µM strongly inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of PIC was accompanied by the decrease of osteoclast-specific genes. At the molecular level, PIC suppressed the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), NF-κB p65, IκBα and AKT. Besides, PIC promoted the apoptosis of mature osteoclasts by inducing caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, our results suggested that PIC inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing MAPK, NF-κB and AKT signalling pathways and promoted caspase3-mediated apoptosis of mature osteoclasts, which might contribute to the treatment of bone diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption.

scholarly journals The skeleton: a multi-functional complex organ. The role of key signalling pathways in osteoclast differentiation and in bone resorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 211 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Mellis ◽  
Cecile Itzstein ◽  
Miep H Helfrich ◽  
Julie C Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Functional Complex ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cytoskeletal Rearrangements

Osteoclasts are the specialised cells that resorb bone matrix and are important both for the growth and shaping of bones throughout development as well as during the process of bone remodelling that occurs throughout life to maintain a healthy skeleton. Osteoclast formation, function and survival are tightly regulated by a network of signalling pathways, many of which have been identified through the study of rare monogenic diseases, knockout mouse models and animal strains carrying naturally occurring mutations in key molecules. In this review, we describe the processes of osteoclast formation, activation and function and discuss the major transcription factors and signalling pathways (including those that control the cytoskeletal rearrangements) that are important at each stage.

scholarly journals Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Lee
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Bone Modeling ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bone Modeling And Remodeling

Skeletal quantity and quality are determined by processes of bone modeling and remodeling, which are undertaken by cells that build and resorb bone as they respond to mechanical, hormonal, and other external and internal signals. As the sole bone resorptive cell type, osteoclasts possess a remarkably dynamic actin cytoskeleton that drives their function in this enterprise. Actin rearrangements guide osteoclasts’ capacity for precursor fusion during differentiation, for migration across bone surfaces and sensing of their composition, and for generation of unique actin superstructures required for the resorptive process. In this regard, it is not surprising that myosins, the superfamily of actin-based motor proteins, play key roles in osteoclast physiology. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton and describes myosins’ roles in osteoclast differentiation, migration, and actin superstructure patterning.

scholarly journals LIS1 Regulates Osteoclast Formation and Function through Its Interactions with Dynein/Dynactin and Plekhm1

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e27285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiao Ye ◽  
Tristan W. Fowler ◽  
Nathan J. Pavlos ◽  
Pei Ying Ng ◽  
Kai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Regulation of Energy Expenditure and Brown/Beige Thermogenic Activity by Interleukins: New Roles for Old Actors

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
María García ◽  
Patricia Pazos ◽  
Luis Lima ◽  
Carlos Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

Obesity rates and the burden of metabolic associated diseases are escalating worldwide Energy burning brown and inducible beige adipocytes in human adipose tissues (ATs) have attracted considerable attention due to their therapeutic potential to counteract the deleterious metabolic effects of nutritional overload and overweight. Recent research has highlighted the relevance of resident and recruited ATs immune cell populations and their signalling mediators, cytokines, as modulators of the thermogenic activity of brown and beige ATs. In this review, we first provide an overview of the developmental, cellular and functional heterogeneity of the AT organ, as well as reported molecular switches of its heat-producing machinery. We also discuss the key contribution of various interleukins signalling pathways to energy and metabolic homeostasis and their roles in the biogenesis and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Besides local actions, attention is also drawn to their influence in the central nervous system (CNS) networks governing energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Rooibos tea extracts inhibit osteoclast formation and activity through the attenuation of NF-κB activity in RAW264.7 murine macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3301-3312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaakirah Moosa ◽  
Abe E. Kasonga ◽  
Vishwa Deepak ◽  
Sumari Marais ◽  
Innocentia B. Magoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Rooibos Tea ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibit Osteoclast Formation

Fermented rooibos extract has more potent inhibitory effect on osteoclasts than unfermented rooibos.

scholarly journals Signalling Pathways Implicated in Alzheimer′s Disease Neurodegeneration in Individuals with and without Down Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6906
Author(s):  
Carmen Martínez-Cué ◽  
Noemí Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Sporadic Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
And Function

Down syndrome (DS), the most common cause of intellectual disability of genetic origin, is characterized by alterations in central nervous system morphology and function that appear from early prenatal stages. However, by the fourth decade of life, all individuals with DS develop neuropathology identical to that found in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles due to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, loss of neurons and synapses, reduced neurogenesis, enhanced oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. It has been proposed that DS could be a useful model for studying the etiopathology of AD and to search for therapeutic targets. There is increasing evidence that the neuropathological events associated with AD are interrelated and that many of them not only are implicated in the onset of this pathology but are also a consequence of other alterations. Thus, a feedback mechanism exists between them. In this review, we summarize the signalling pathways implicated in each of the main neuropathological aspects of AD in individuals with and without DS as well as the interrelation of these pathways.

Cellular structure and function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-104
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
And Function

‘Cellular structure and function’ covers the roles, structures, and functions of the main four types of macromolecules of the human body, namely proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. For these macromolecules, the roles and types of each class are discussed (for proteins this includes their roles as structural proteins and enzymes and their kinetics; for lipids, the roles and types of lipid found in the body are considered; for carbohydrates, their roles including structural and metabolic are discussed; and the structure of nucleic acids is described). Then follows a description of the organization of the cell, including the plasma membrane and its components, and the intracellular organelles. Cell growth, division, and apoptosis are covered, as are the formation of gametes, and finally the principles of how cellular functions can be modulated by pharmacological agents through receptors and signalling pathways are discussed.

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