scholarly journals Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nigeria in 1995 and 2020: A systematic analysis of current evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies Adeloye ◽  
Eyitayo O. Owolabi ◽  
Dike B. Ojji ◽  
Asa Auta ◽  
Mary T. Dewan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Evidence ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Litopenaeus vannamei Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Model and Nutritional Requirements Analysis of Different Shrimp Commercial Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Gao ◽  
Jiarui Yang ◽  
Tong Hao ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Jinsheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Network ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Tyrosine Protein Kinase ◽  
And Control ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

As an important tool for systematic analysis, genome-scale metabolic network (GSMN) model has been widely used in various organisms. However, there are few reports on the GSMNs of aquatic crustaceans. Litopenaeus vannamei is the largest and most productive shrimp species. Feed improvement is one of the important methods to improve the yield of L. vannamei and control water pollution caused by the inadequate absorption of feed. In this work, the first L. vannamei GSMN named iGH3005 was reconstructed and applied to the optimization of feed. iGH3005 was reconstructed based on the genomic data. The model includes 2,292 reactions and 3,005 genes. iGH3005 was used to analyze the nutritional requirements of five different L. vannamei commercial varieties and the genes influencing the metabolism of the nutrients. Based on the simulation, we found that tyrosine-protein kinase src64b like may catalyze different reactions in different commercial varieties. The preference of carbohydrate utilization is different in various commercial varieties, which may due to the different expressions of some genes. In addition, this investigation suggests that a rational and targeted modification in the macronutrient content of shrimp feed would lead to an increase in growth and feed conversion rate. The feed for different commercial varieties should be adjusted accordingly, and possible adjustment schemes were provided. The results of this work provided important information for physiological research and optimization of the components in feed of L. vannamei.

scholarly journals Analysis and Control of Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioele Zardini ◽  
Nicolas Lanzetti ◽  
Marco Pavone ◽  
Emilio Frazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Demand Systems ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Autonomous Mobility ◽  
And Control

Challenged by urbanization and increasing travel needs, existing transportation systems need new mobility paradigms. In this article, we present the emerging concept of autonomous mobility-on-demand, whereby centrally orchestrated fleets of autonomous vehicles provide mobility service to customers. We provide a comprehensive review of methods and tools to model and solve problems related to autonomous mobility-on-demand systems. Specifically, we first identify problem settings for their analysis and control, from both operational and planning perspectives. We then review modeling aspects, including transportation networks, transportation demand, congestion, operational constraints, and interactions with existing infrastructure. Thereafter, we provide a systematic analysis of existing solution methods and performance metrics, highlighting trends and trade-offs. Finally, we present various directions for further research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, Volume 5 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Total hip arthroplasty in the setting of tuberculosis infection of the hip: a systematic analysis of the current evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assem A. Sultan ◽  
Sarah E. Dalton ◽  
Erica Umpierrez ◽  
Linsen T. Samuel ◽  
Emily Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Total Hip

scholarly journals Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile in Food-Producing Animals, Horses and Household Pets: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Kachrimanidou ◽  
Eleni Tzika ◽  
George Filioussis
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Ribotype 078 ◽  
And Control

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is ubiquitous in the environment and is also considered as a bacterium of great importance in diarrhea-associated disease for humans and different animal species. Food animals and household pets are frequently found positive for toxigenic C. difficile without exposing clinical signs of infection. Humans and animals share common C. difficile ribotypes (RTs) suggesting potential zoonotic transmission. However, the role of animals for the development of human infection due to C. difficile remains unclear. One major public health issue is the existence of asymptomatic animals that carry and shed the bacterium to the environment, and infect individuals or populations, directly or through the food chain. C. difficile ribotype 078 is frequently isolated from food animals and household pets as well as from their environment. Nevertheless, direct evidence for the transmission of this particular ribotype from animals to humans has never been established. This review will summarize the current available data on epidemiology, clinical presentations, risk factors and laboratory diagnosis of C. difficile infection in food animals and household pets, outline potential prevention and control strategies, and also describe the current evidence towards a zoonotic potential of C. difficile infection.

scholarly journals The Current Status of Clinical Research Involving Microneedles: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Seung-Yeon Jeong ◽  
Jung-Hwan Park ◽  
Ye-Seul Lee ◽  
Youn-Sub Kim ◽  
Ji-Yeun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Control

In recent years, a number of clinical trials have been published on the efficacy and safety of drug delivery using microneedles (MNs). This review aims to systematically summarize and analyze the current evidence including the clinical effect and safety of MNs. Three electronic databases, including PubMed, were used to search the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) that evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of MNs from their inception to 28 June 2018. Data were extracted according to the characteristics of study subjects; disorder, types, and details of the intervention (MNs) and control groups; outcome measurements; effectiveness; and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Overall, 31 RCTs and seven CCTs met the inclusion criteria. Although MNs were commonly used in skin-related studies, evaluating the effects of MNs was difficult because many studies did not provide adequate comparison values between groups. For osteoporosis treatment, vaccine, and insulin delivery studies, MNs were comparable to or more effective than the gold standard. Regarding the safety of MNs, most AEs reported in each study were minor (grade 1 or 2). A well-designed RCT is necessary to clearly evaluate the effectiveness of MNs in the future.

scholarly journals The control systems structures of energy metabolism

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (45) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Cloutier ◽  
Peter Wellstead
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Perfect Adaptation ◽  
Energetic State ◽  
And Control

The biochemical regulation of energy metabolism (EM) allows cells to modulate their energetic output depending on available substrates and requirements. To this end, numerous biomolecular mechanisms exist that allow the sensing of the energetic state and corresponding adjustment of enzymatic reaction rates. This regulation is known to induce dynamic systems properties such as oscillations or perfect adaptation. Although the various mechanisms of energy regulation have been studied in detail from many angles at the experimental and theoretical levels, no framework is available for the systematic analysis of EM from a control systems perspective. In this study, we have used principles well known in control to clarify the basic system features that govern EM. The major result is a subdivision of the biomolecular mechanisms of energy regulation in terms of widely used engineering control mechanisms: proportional, integral, derivative control, and structures: feedback, cascade and feed-forward control. Evidence for each mechanism and structure is demonstrated and the implications for systems properties are shown through simulations. As the equivalence between biological systems and control components presented here is generic, it is also hypothesized that our work could eventually have an applicability that is much wider than the focus of the current study.

Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Angiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Cui Wu ◽  
Rui-Xue Leng ◽  
Qi Lu ◽  
Yin-Guang Fan ◽  
De-Guang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Control

We evaluated the differences in major markers of cardiovascular (CV) risk between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and controls by a systematic review and a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for literature comparing CV risk markers in IBDs and controls. The overall mean carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD%), and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) difference between patients with IBDs and control groups were calculated. Twenty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 16 studies with data on CIMT, 7 studies reporting FMD%, and 9 studies on cfPWV. Compared to controls, patients with IBDs showed significantly higher CIMT (standardized mean difference [ SMD]: 0.534 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.230 to 0.838; P = .001), significantly lower FMD% ( SMD, −0.721%; 95% CI, −1.020 to −0.421; P < .0001), and significantly increased cfPWV ( SMD, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.589 to 1.110; P < .0001). When analyzing subgroups with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease (CD), all results were still significant except CIMT in CD. Our findings support the current evidence for an elevated CV burden in patients with IBD and support the clinical utility of markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in the management of these patients.

Burden of hypertension in China over the past decades: Systematic analysis of prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Peng ◽  
Xiaolu Nie ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Ryan Weldon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control

Freedom and control: a state of balance in public space

Facilities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 606-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Zhao ◽  
Kin Wai Michael Siu
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Control

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine how to achieve a balance between freedom and control in public space. It analyses the relationship between freedom and control to identify phenomena and offer users and policymakers instructions for achieving that balance. Public space, including privately owned public space, is important to urban living. People have both the right to use public space and the responsibility to protect it. Both freedom and control should exist in public space in an appropriate combination. It is impossible and inappropriate for us to ask for absolute freedom or endure unreasonable control. Design/methodology/approach – A case study of Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) reveals typical freedom/control relationships. Quantitative descriptions are given based on field observations. Findings – Freedom and control are primary factors affecting the quality of urban life and management of city space. They depend on and conflict with each other. The balance between freedom and control is a balance between diverse spaces. The “freedom space” belonging to both citizens and authorities determines whether freedom and control are balanced. Ethics and strategies constitute control. Only when each authority and user obtains a proper freedom space can freedom and control achieve balance in public space. Research limitations/implications – Freedom and control differ across cities because they are both affected by culture, history and tradition. As each city has its own characteristics, the freedom and control in each open space are distinctive. Balancing freedom and control requires an understanding of a city’s background and the era. While this paper does not attempt to achieve this understanding, further studies could devote more attention to dimensions of time and location. Practical implications – The findings provide recommendations for users, policymakers and construction and management companies that will allow the management of harmonious and high-quality open spaces. Social implications – Freedom and control are two main factors affecting quality of life. The balance between freedom and control may bring a harmony and stable society environment. It would benefit both the authority and the people a lot. Originality/value – This study provides a systematic analysis of freedom and control in public space and makes a valuable contribution to quality urban space policy, design and management.

Identification and Control of Hysteresis in Rolling Element Guideways

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Al-Bender ◽  
W. Symens
Keyword(s):  
Effective Control ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Frictional Characteristic ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Harmonic Analysis Method ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
And Control

Rate independent hysteresis seems to be the dominant frictional characteristic found in many machine elements in common engineering use, such as plain and rolling element guideways. The study of the non-linear dynamics caused by such elements becomes imperative if we wish to achieve improved design and, in particular, effective control of such machines. This paper reviews systematic analysis, which we have carried out to characterize the dynamics of rolling element guideways. The dependency of hysteresis characteristics on the bearing design parameters is first investigated and the notion of ‘equivalent’ dynamic quantities, namely stiffness and damping, is introduced. Secondly, a frequency domain, harmonic analysis method for mass-“hysteresis spring” systems, via application of the Describing Function method, is developed and discussed. We checked the validity and applicability of this approach by direct numerical simulation as well as by experiment. The results showed that the (amplitude dependent) Frequency Response Maps invariably contain an “anomalous” region where the response is very sensitive to systems parameter variations. This manifests itself in practice in jump-like phenomena, which thus appear to be inherent features of this type of system. Finally, appropriate control structures for systems with this type of hysteresis elements are proposed and discussed.

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