Pinpointing genetic breaks in the southeastern Pacific: Phylogeography and genetic structure of a commercially important tunicate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suany Quesada‐Calderón ◽  
Emily C. Giles ◽  
Sarai Morales‐González ◽  
Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo ◽  
Cynthia Riginos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
Commercially Important

scholarly journals Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidian Pyura chilensis in the southeastern Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 9855-9868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Morales‐González ◽  
Emily C. Giles ◽  
Suany Quesada‐Calderón ◽  
Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Southeastern Pacific

scholarly journals Ecology and Genetic Structure of Zoonotic Anisakis spp. from Adriatic Commercial Fish Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Mladineo ◽  
Vedran Poljak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Population Indices

ABSTRACTConsumption of raw or thermally inadequately treated fishery products represents a public health risk, with the possibility of propagation of liveAnisakislarvae, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease anisakidosis, or anisakiasis. We investigated the population dynamics ofAnisakisspp. in commercially important fish—anchovies (Anisakis), sardines (Sardina pilchardus), European hake (Merluccius merluccius), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), and Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)—captured in the main Adriatic Sea fishing ground. We observed a significant difference in the numbers of parasite larvae (1 to 32) in individual hosts and between species, with most fish showing high or very highAnisakispopulation indices. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that commercial fish in the Adriatic Sea are parasitized byAnisakis pegreffii(95.95%) andAnisakis simplexsensu stricto(4.05%). The genetic structure ofA. pegreffiiin demersal, pelagic, and top predator hosts was unstructured, and the highest frequency of haplotype sharing (n= 10) was between demersal and pelagic fish.

scholarly journals Genetic homogeneity and historical expansions of the slipper lobster, Scyllarides brasiliensis, in the south-west Atlantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghennie T. Rodríguez-Rey ◽  
Antonio M. Solé-Cava ◽  
Cristiano Lazoski
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Homogeneity ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commercially Important

Management strategies for fisheries species require understanding their connectivity and population dynamics. The Brazilian slipper lobster, Scyllarides brasiliensis, is one of the most commercially important slipper lobster species in South America. We investigated, for the first time, the population genetic structure and evolutionary history of this species. Analyses of sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and the control region (CR) did not reveal any significant genetic structure of S. brasiliensis (N = 202) along 2700 km of the Atlantic coast (COI: ΦST = 0.0004, ΦCT = 0–0.005, P > 0.05; CR: ΦST = 0.004, ΦCT = 0–0.029, P > 0.05). The genetic homogeneity found suggests high levels of gene flow along the area that are possibly related to the high dispersal potential of the planktonic larvae of the species. Furthermore, the data indicate that demographic and geographical expansions of this slipper lobster population have occurred during the late and middle Pleistocene, which could be related to the fluctuating environmental conditions of that period.

scholarly journals Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erasmo Carlos Macaya Horta
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
High Gene Flow ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Coi Sequences

<p>Macrocystis represents the most widely distributed kelp genus, providing structure and energy for one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. Despite its ecological and economical importance, many aspects of its taxonomy, distribution and dispersal still remain unknown. Using different molecular markers I studied the taxonomy, phylogeography and dispersal patterns of Macrocystis. The analysis involves samples from different populations throughout the world. Using the DNA barcoding method I, confirmed previous suggestions that the genus must be considered as monospecific, M. pyrifera being the only species. The effects of historical and contemporary events on the haplotype distribution were determined by analyzing samples from the southeastern Pacific (SEP) using the atp8-S mitochondrial marker. The last glacial maximum as well as oceanographic anomalies (El Niño phenomena) may be important factors driving the genetic pattern along the SEP. The genetic structure in southern Chile was also analyzed in more detail, especially in the Chilean Fjords. Samples from attached and floating kelp individuals revealed that dispersal via kelp rafts is possible. Finally, a global analysis using COI sequences showed shared haplotypes along vast distances in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, recent dispersal and high gene flow can explain such genetic homogeneity. Additionally, microsatellite analysis confirmed that gene flow along the Southern Ocean is occurring over ecological time scales, where rafting of detached reproductive kelps seems to be facilitated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current connecting populations in the Southern Hemisphere. This study has provided valuable genetic evidence to understand factors shaping the genetic structure of this important ecologically and economically species. It also contributes important knowledge for conservation and management strategies, especially in places where M. pyrifera has been harvested. In summary, the results of this study confirm previous suggestions of high gene flow among M. pyrifera populations at different scales. It also provides evidence suggesting that kelp rafts act as an important dispersal mechanism in this species, thus giving important information to understand the factors shaping the evolution of the largest seaweed on earth.</p>

scholarly journals Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erasmo Carlos Macaya Horta
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
High Gene Flow ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Coi Sequences

<p>Macrocystis represents the most widely distributed kelp genus, providing structure and energy for one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. Despite its ecological and economical importance, many aspects of its taxonomy, distribution and dispersal still remain unknown. Using different molecular markers I studied the taxonomy, phylogeography and dispersal patterns of Macrocystis. The analysis involves samples from different populations throughout the world. Using the DNA barcoding method I, confirmed previous suggestions that the genus must be considered as monospecific, M. pyrifera being the only species. The effects of historical and contemporary events on the haplotype distribution were determined by analyzing samples from the southeastern Pacific (SEP) using the atp8-S mitochondrial marker. The last glacial maximum as well as oceanographic anomalies (El Niño phenomena) may be important factors driving the genetic pattern along the SEP. The genetic structure in southern Chile was also analyzed in more detail, especially in the Chilean Fjords. Samples from attached and floating kelp individuals revealed that dispersal via kelp rafts is possible. Finally, a global analysis using COI sequences showed shared haplotypes along vast distances in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, recent dispersal and high gene flow can explain such genetic homogeneity. Additionally, microsatellite analysis confirmed that gene flow along the Southern Ocean is occurring over ecological time scales, where rafting of detached reproductive kelps seems to be facilitated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current connecting populations in the Southern Hemisphere. This study has provided valuable genetic evidence to understand factors shaping the genetic structure of this important ecologically and economically species. It also contributes important knowledge for conservation and management strategies, especially in places where M. pyrifera has been harvested. In summary, the results of this study confirm previous suggestions of high gene flow among M. pyrifera populations at different scales. It also provides evidence suggesting that kelp rafts act as an important dispersal mechanism in this species, thus giving important information to understand the factors shaping the evolution of the largest seaweed on earth.</p>

Cathodoluminescence of Catalyst Crystallites

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
E.D. Boyes ◽  
P.L. Gai ◽  
D.B. Darby ◽  
C. Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Defect Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Resolution Structure

The extended crystallographic defects introduced into some oxide catalysts under operating conditions may be a consequence and accommodation of the changes produced by the catalytic activity, rather than always being the origin of the reactivity. Operation without such defects has been established for the commercially important tellurium molybdate system. in addition it is clear that the point defect density and the electronic structure can both have a significant influence on the chemical properties and hence on the effectiveness (activity and selectivity) of the material as a catalyst. SEM/probe techniques more commonly applied to semiconductor materials, have been investigated to supplement the information obtained from in-situ environmental cell HVEM, ultra-high resolution structure imaging and more conventional AEM and EPMA chemical microanalysis.

Peroxisome proliferation: Organelles or activity as an endpoint?

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Taylor ◽  
Bruce M. Jarnot
Keyword(s):  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferation ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Perfluorodecanoic Acid ◽  
Hypolipidemic Agent ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Acyl Coa Oxidase ◽  
Mitochondrial Disruption

Peroxisome induction can be expressed as an increase in peroxisome area (proliferation) or as an increase in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (activity). This study compares proliferation and activity as endpoints for hepatic peroxisome induction by perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA). Fluorocarboxylic acids such as PFDA represent a class of compounds possessing commercially important surfactant properties. A single 50 mg/Kg ip. dose of PFDA produces a characteristic “wasting syndrome” in male F-344 rats. Symptoms include hypophagia, weight loss, hepatomegaly, and delayed lethality. Hepatic studies reveal changes similar to those seen with the hypolipidemic agent clofibrate. These include mitochondrial disruption, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome proliferation, and increased peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase activity.Male Fisher-344 rats received a single ip. dose of 2, 20, or 50mg/Kg PFDA dissolved in 1:1 propylene glycol/water and were sacrificed 8 days post-dose. All control rats received an equal volume of vehicle ip. Animals were provided food and water ad libitum, except pair-fed controls which received the same restrictive food intake consumed by their weight-paired dosed partners (50mg/Kg PFDA group) to simulate the hypophagia associated with PFDA.

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