scholarly journals Differential speciation rates, colonization time and niche conservatism affect community assembly across adjacent biogeographical regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronildo A. Benício ◽  
Diogo B. Provete ◽  
Mariana L. Lyra ◽  
Jani Heino ◽  
Célio F. B. Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Colonization Time

scholarly journals Freezing and water availability structure the evolutionary diversity of trees across the Americas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. eaaz5373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Segovia ◽  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
Tim R. Baker ◽  
Fernanda Coelho de Souza ◽  
Danilo M. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism ◽  
Environmental Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification

The historical course of evolutionary diversification shapes the current distribution of biodiversity, but the main forces constraining diversification are still a subject of debate. We unveil the evolutionary structure of tree species assemblages across the Americas to assess whether an inability to move or an inability to evolve is the predominant constraint in plant diversification and biogeography. We find a fundamental divide in tree lineage composition between tropical and extratropical environments, defined by the absence versus presence of freezing temperatures. Within the Neotropics, we uncover a further evolutionary split between moist and dry forests. Our results demonstrate that American tree lineages tend to retain their ancestral environmental relationships and that phylogenetic niche conservatism is the primary force structuring the distribution of tree biodiversity. Our study establishes the pervasive importance of niche conservatism to community assembly even at intercontinental scales.

scholarly journals On the processes generating latitudinal richness gradients: identifying diagnostic patterns and predictions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen H Hurlbert ◽  
James C Stegen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The Tropics

Many processes have been put forward to explain the latitudinal gradient in species richness. Here, we use a simulation model to examine four of the most common hypotheses and identify patterns that might be diagnostic of those four hypotheses. The hypotheses examined include (1) tropical niche conservatism, or the idea that the tropics are more diverse because a tropical clade origin has allowed more time for diversification in the tropics and has resulted in few species adapted to extra-tropical climates. (2) The productivity, or energetic constraints, hypothesis suggests that species richness is limited by the amount of biologically available energy in a region. (3) The tropical stability hypothesis argues that major climatic fluctuations and glacial cycles in extratropical regions have led to greater extinction rates and less opportunity for specialization relative to the tropics. (4) Finally, the speciation rates hypothesis suggests that the latitudinal richness gradient arises from a parallel gradient in rates of speciation. We found that tropical niche conservatism can be distinguished from the other three scenarios by phylogenies which are more balanced than expected, no relationship between mean root distance and richness across regions, and a homogeneous rate of speciation across clades and through time. The energy gradient, speciation gradient, and disturbance gradient scenarios all exhibited phylogenies which were more imbalanced than expected, showed a negative relationship between mean root distance and richness, and diversity-dependence of speciation rate estimates through time. Using Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures on the simulated phylogenies, we found that the relationship between speciation rates and latitude could distinguish among these three scenarios. We emphasize the importance of considering multiple hypotheses and focusing on diagnostic predictions instead of predictions that are consistent with more than one hypothesis.

Phytophagous insect community assembly through niche conservatism on oceanic islands

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Hembry ◽  
Tomoko Okamoto ◽  
Gerald McCormack ◽  
Rosemary G. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Insect Community

scholarly journals On the processes generating latitudinal richness gradients: identifying diagnostic patterns and predictions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen H Hurlbert ◽  
James C Stegen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The Tropics

Many processes have been put forward to explain the latitudinal gradient in species richness. Here, we use a simulation model to examine four of the most common hypotheses and identify patterns that might be diagnostic of those four hypotheses. The hypotheses examined include (1) tropical niche conservatism, or the idea that the tropics are more diverse because a tropical clade origin has allowed more time for diversification in the tropics and has resulted in few species adapted to extra-tropical climates. (2) The productivity, or energetic constraints, hypothesis suggests that species richness is limited by the amount of biologically available energy in a region. (3) The tropical stability hypothesis argues that major climatic fluctuations and glacial cycles in extratropical regions have led to greater extinction rates and less opportunity for specialization relative to the tropics. (4) Finally, the speciation rates hypothesis suggests that the latitudinal richness gradient arises from a parallel gradient in rates of speciation. We found that tropical niche conservatism can be distinguished from the other three scenarios by phylogenies which are more balanced than expected, no relationship between mean root distance and richness across regions, and a homogeneous rate of speciation across clades and through time. The energy gradient, speciation gradient, and disturbance gradient scenarios all exhibited phylogenies which were more imbalanced than expected, showed a negative relationship between mean root distance and richness, and diversity-dependence of speciation rate estimates through time. Using Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures on the simulated phylogenies, we found that the relationship between speciation rates and latitude could distinguish among these three scenarios. We emphasize the importance of considering multiple hypotheses and focusing on diagnostic predictions instead of predictions that are consistent with more than one hypothesis.

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

Marine bacterioplankton consortia follow deterministic, non-neutral community assembly rules

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Vergin ◽  
N Jhirad ◽  
J Dodge ◽  
CA Carlson ◽  
SJ Giovannoni
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Assembly Rules ◽  
Marine Bacterioplankton

Ecological niche conservatism shapes the distributions of lichens

Preslia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fačkovcová ◽  
Senko ◽  
M. Svitok ◽  
A. Guttová
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Niche Conservatism
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document