scholarly journals Contrasting patterns of phylogenetic turnover in amphibians and reptiles are driven by environment and geography in Neotropical savannas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué A. R. Azevedo ◽  
Cristiano Nogueira ◽  
Alexandre Antonelli ◽  
Søren Faurby
Keyword(s):  
Neotropical Savannas

Functional complement of biogenic structures produced by earthworms, termites and ants in the neotropical savannas

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mora ◽  
E. Miambi ◽  
J.J. Jiménez ◽  
T. Decaëns ◽  
C. Rouland
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Structures ◽  
Neotropical Savannas

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OF WOODY SPECIES IN NEOTROPICAL SAVANNAS

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLERMO SARMIENTO ◽  
GUILLERMO GOLDSTEIN ◽  
FREDERICK MEINZER
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Neotropical Savannas

scholarly journals Sensitivity of woody carbon stocks to bark investment strategy in Neotropical savannas and forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna T. Trugman ◽  
David Medvigy ◽  
William A. Hoffmann ◽  
Adam F. A. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Aboveground Carbon ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Neotropical Savannas

Abstract. Fire frequencies are changing in Neotropical savannas and forests as a result of forest fragmentation and increasing drought. Such changes in fire regime and climate are hypothesized to destabilize tropical carbon storage, but there has been little consideration of the widespread variability in tree fire tolerance strategies. To test how aboveground carbon stocks change with fire frequency and composition of plants with different fire tolerance strategies, we update the Ecosystem Demography model 2 (ED2) with (i) a fire survivorship module based on tree bark thickness (a key fire-tolerance trait across woody plants in savannas and forests), and (ii) plant functional types representative of trees in the region. With these updates, the model is better able to predict how fire frequency affects population demography and aboveground woody carbon. Simulations illustrate that the high survival rate of thick-barked, large trees reduces carbon losses with increasing fire frequency, with high investment in bark being particularly important in reducing losses in the wettest sites. Additionally, in landscapes that frequently burn, bark investment can broaden the range of climate and fire conditions under which savannas occur by reducing the range of conditions leading to either complete tree loss or complete grass loss. These results highlight that tropical vegetation dynamics depend not only on rainfall and changing fire frequencies but also on tree fire survival strategy. Further, our results indicate that fire survival strategy is fundamentally important in regulating tree size demography in ecosystems exposed to fire, which increases the preservation of aboveground carbon stocks and the coexistence of different plant functional groups.

Evidence of sodium limitation in ants and termites in a Neotropical savanna

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Clay ◽  
Donald B. Shepard ◽  
Adrian A. Garda ◽  
Daniel O. Mesquita ◽  
Alexandre Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Neotropical Savannas ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Conservation Concern

Abstract Nutritional ecology of ropical ecosystems like Neotropical savannas, which are of high conservation concern, is understudied. Sodium is essential for heterotrophs but availability often falls short relative to plant consumer requirements. Savanna plant consumers like ants and termites should be sodium-limited due to high temperatures, nutrient-poor soils, and lack of oceanic sodium deposition. We tested the hypothesis that Neotropical savanna ants and termites are sodium-limited. Termites were tested by supplementing 0.25 m2 plots with H2O (control), 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% NaCl and measuring termite presence and artificial substrate mass loss after 1 week. Ants were tested by collecting ants that recruited to H2O (control), 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% NaCl and 1.0%, 10%, and 20% sugar baits on paired diurnal–nocturnal transects. Termites were 16 times more likely to occur on 1% NaCl than H2O plots and wood-feeding termites were most frequent. However, the decomposition rate did not differ among treatments. Ant bait use increased with increasing NaCl concentration and 1% NaCl usage was similar to sugar bait usage. Ants were 3.7 times more active nocturnally than diurnally, but contrary to predictions bait type (water, sugar or NaCl) usage did not differ between day and night. Together, these results provide strong evidence of sodium limitation in Neotropical savannas.

Congruent spatial patterns of ant and tree diversity in Neotropical savannas

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heraldo L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Jonas B. Maravalhas ◽  
Karen C. Neves ◽  
Renata Pacheco ◽  
Jésica Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Neotropical Savannas

scholarly journals Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant–Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araújo ◽  
Moreira ◽  
Falcão ◽  
Borges ◽  
Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Neotropical Savannas ◽  
Galling Insects

Host plants may harbor a variable number of galling insect species, with some species being able to harbor a high diversity of these insects, being therefore called superhost plants. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the occurrence of superhost plant species of genus Qualea (Vochysiaceae) affects the structure of plant–galling insect ecological networks in Brazilian Cerrado. We sampled a total of 1882 plants grouped in 131 species and 43 families, of which 64 species and 31 families of host plants hosted 112 galling insect species. Our results showed that occurrence of superhosts of genus Qualea increased the linkage density of plant species, number of observed interactions, and the size of plant–galling insect networks and negatively affected the network connectance (but had no effect on the residual connectance). Although the occurrence of Qualea species did not affect the plant species richness, these superhosts increased the species richness and the number of interactions of galling insects. Our study represents a step forward in relation to previous studies that investigated the effects of plant diversity on the plant–insect networks, showing that few superhost plant species alter the structure of plant–herbivore networks, even without having a significant effect on plant diversity.

Evolutionary history of Neotropical savannas geographically concentrates species, phylogenetic and functional diversity of lizards

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fenker ◽  
Fabricius M. C. B. Domingos ◽  
Leonardo G. Tedeschi ◽  
Dan F. Rosauer ◽  
Fernanda P. Werneck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Neotropical Savannas ◽  
History Of
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