Diversity patterns and evolutionary history of Arabian squamates

Diversity patterns of subterranean invertebrate fauna in calcretes of the Yilgarn Region, Western Australia

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf17005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 114 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Josephine Hyde ◽

Steven J. B. Cooper ◽

William F. Humphreys ◽

Andrew D. Austin ◽

Pablo Munguia

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Taxon Richness ◽

Abundance Distribution ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Diversity Patterns ◽

History Of ◽

Episodic Fluctuations ◽

Number Of Individuals

Calcrete aquifers are unique groundwater habitats containing stygobiontic species endemic to each calcrete. The evolutionary history of stygofauna suggests the calcretes in Western Australia contain multiple ancient lineages, yet populations experience episodic variation in rainfall patterns, with little-known ecological consequences. The aim of the present study was to document stygofaunal diversity patterns and determine whether they are influenced by rainfall events. The average taxon richness in boreholes peaked shortly after periods of high rainfall, and when dominant taxa were excluded, evenness decreased after periods of both high and low rainfall, indicating that dominant taxa are an important factor in driving the system. Strong abundance–distribution relationships reflected the commonality of taxon groups; common taxon groups had broad distributions and high abundance levels, whereas rare taxon groups had small distributions and low abundance. After periods of intermediate and low rainfall, taxon groups had narrower distributions and the maximum number of individuals per borehole was lower. Finally, the majority of boreholes did not show changes in evenness over the 11-year study period, suggesting a reasonably stable ecosystem with episodic fluctuations that can be attributed to rainfall events. The results of the present study indicate that diversity patterns within boreholes are driven episodically by both external and internal factors, such as rainfall and rapid borehole dominance respectively.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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