Taxonomic divergence and functional convergence in Iberian spider forest communities: Insights from beta diversity partitioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Carvalho ◽  
Jagoba Malumbres‐Olarte ◽  
Miquel A. Arnedo ◽  
Luís C. Crespo ◽  
Marc Domenech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Functional Convergence

scholarly journals Beta Diversity Partitioning and Drivers of Variations in Fish Assemblages in a Headwater Stream: Lijiang River, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Huang ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Zhiqiang Wu ◽  
Yuanmin Mo ◽  
Qi Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Spatial Variables ◽  
Lijiang River ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Hydrological Variables

Beta diversity partitioning has currently received much attention in research of fish assemblages. However, the main drivers, especially the contribution of spatial and hydrological variables for species composition and beta diversity of fish assemblages are less well studied. To link species composition to multiple abiotic variables (i.e., local environmental variables, hydrological variables, and spatial variables), the relative roles of abiotic variables in shaping fish species composition and beta diversity (i.e., overall turnover, replacement, and nestedness) were investigated in the upstream Lijiang River. Species composition showed significant correlations with environmental, hydrological, and spatial variables, and variation partitioning revealed that the local environmental and spatial variables outperformed hydrological variables, and especially abiotic variables explained a substantial part of the variation in the fish composition (43.2%). The overall species turnover was driven mostly by replacement (87.9% and 93.7% for Sørensen and Jaccard indices, respectively) rather than nestedness. Mantel tests indicated that the overall species turnover (ßSOR and ßJAC) and replacement (ßSIM and ßJTU) were significantly related to hydrological, environmental, and spatial heterogeneity, whereas nestedness (ßSNE or ßJNE) was insignificantly correlated with abiotic variables (P > 0.05). Moreover, the pure effect of spatial variables on overall species turnover (ßSOR and ßJAC) and replacement (ßSIM and ßJTU), and the pure effect of hydrological variables on replacement (ßSIM and ßJTU), were not important (P > 0.05). Our findings demonstrated the relative importance of interactions among environmental, hydrological, and spatial variables in structuring fish assemblages in headwater streams; these fish assemblages tend to be compositionally distinct, rather than nested derivatives of one another. Our results, therefore, indicate that maintaining natural flow dynamics and habitat continuity are of vital importance for conservation of fish assemblages and diversity in headwater streams.

scholarly journals Diversity partitioning during the Cambrian radiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (15) ◽  
pp. 4702-4706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Na ◽  
Wolfgang Kiessling
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Cambrian Radiation ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Global Biodiversity

The fossil record offers unique insights into the environmental and geographic partitioning of biodiversity during global diversifications. We explored biodiversity patterns during the Cambrian radiation, the most dramatic radiation in Earth history. We assessed how the overall increase in global diversity was partitioned between within-community (alpha) and between-community (beta) components and how beta diversity was partitioned among environments and geographic regions. Changes in gamma diversity in the Cambrian were chiefly driven by changes in beta diversity. The combined trajectories of alpha and beta diversity during the initial diversification suggest low competition and high predation within communities. Beta diversity has similar trajectories both among environments and geographic regions, but turnover between adjacent paleocontinents was probably the main driver of diversification. Our study elucidates that global biodiversity during the Cambrian radiation was driven by niche contraction at local scales and vicariance at continental scales. The latter supports previous arguments for the importance of plate tectonics in the Cambrian radiation, namely the breakup of Pannotia.

Diversification and diversity partitioning

Paleobiology ◽  
10.1666/13041 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hautmann
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Positive Effects

Model calculations predict that pathways of alpha- and beta-diversity in diversifying ecosystems notably differ depending on the relative role of competition, predation, positive effects of species' interactions, and environmental parameters. Four scenarios are discussed, in which alpha- and beta-diversity are modeled as a function of increasing gamma-diversity. The graphic illustration of this approach is herein called α-β-γ plot, in which the x-axis indicates increasing diversification rather than absolute time. In purely environmentally controlled systems, beta-diversity maintains near-maximum values throughout the diversification interval, whereas mean alpha-diversity increases linearly, with a slope being reciprocal to beta-diversity. A second scenario is based on the assumption that increasing richness will have predominantly positive effects on the addition of further species; here, alpha- and beta-diversity increase simultaneously (though not necessarily at the same rates) and without reaching a predictable upper limit. In ecosystems that are characterized by low competition between species, mean alpha-diversity asymptotically approaches a saturation level, whereas the increase in beta-diversity accelerates until alpha-diversity stagnates, and then continues to rise linearly. If competition is high, addition of species first increases beta-diversity until no further habitat contraction is possible, followed by a period in which alpha-diversity increase through adaptive divergence becomes the principal drive of diversification. Because there is a continuous transition between the late stage of the low-competition model and the early stage of the high-competition scenario, both can be combined in a single model of diversity partitioning under the premise of a diversity-dependent increase of competition. This summary model predicts three phases of diversity accumulation: (1) a niche overlap phase, (2) a habitat contraction phase, and (3) a niche differentiation phase. The models herein discussed provide a potential tool to assess the question which factors primary controlled the diversification of life over geological times.

scholarly journals Beta-diversity partitioning: methods, applications and perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingfeng Si ◽  
◽  
Yuhao Zhao ◽  
Chuanwu Chen ◽  
Peng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Partitioning Methods

ANALYZING BETA DIVERSITY: PARTITIONING THE SPATIAL VARIATION OF COMMUNITY COMPOSITION DATA

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Legendre ◽  
Daniel Borcard ◽  
Pedro R. Peres-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Composition Data

scholarly journals Correlates of different facets and components of beta diversity in stream organisms

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Perez Rocha ◽  
Luis M. Bini ◽  
Mira Grönroos ◽  
Jan Hjort ◽  
Marja Lindholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Functional Convergence

Abstract Recently, community ecology has emphasized the multi-facetted aspects of biological diversity by linking species traits and the environment. Here, we explored environmental correlates of taxonomically-based and traits-based compositional distances using a comprehensive data set of diatom and macroinvertebrate communities. We also explored the responses of different beta diversity components (i.e., overall beta diversity, turnover, and nestedness) of beta diversity facets (i.e., taxonomically and traits-based beta diversity) to environmental distances. Partial Mantel tests were used to test the relationships between beta diversity and environmental distance (while controlling for spatial distances). Taxonomically-based beta diversity varied much more than traits-based beta diversity, indicating strong functional convergence. We found that taxonomically-based beta diversity was largely driven by the turnover component. However, the nestedness component contributed more to overall traits-based beta diversity than the turnover component. Taxonomically-based beta diversity was significantly correlated with environmental distances for both diatoms and macroinvertebrates. Thus, we found support for the role of environmental filtering as a driver of community dissimilarities of rather different biological groups. However, the strength of these relationships between beta diversity and environmental distances varied depending on the biological group, facet, component, and the way which the environmental variables were selected to calculate the explanatory (distance) matrix. Our results indicated that both taxonomically and traits-based approaches are still needed to better understand patterns and mechanisms affecting the organization of biological communities in streams. This is because different facets of biological communities may be driven by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Parallel assemblage structures in Mediterranean marine amphipods revealed by beta diversity partitioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bellisario ◽  
Federica Camisa ◽  
Chiara Abbattista ◽  
Roberta Cimmaruta
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Distance Information

AbstractRelying on a purely taxonomic view of diversity may ignore the fact that ecological communities can be constituted of species having both distinct evolutionary histories and functional characteristics. Thus, considering how the multiple facets of diversity vary along environmental and geographic gradients may provide insights into the role of historic processes and current environmental changes in determining the divergence or convergence of lineages and functions, ultimately influencing the way species assemble across space. However, analyses can be somehow flawed by the choice of traits being analysed, as they should capture the whole functional variability of species in order to assess the relationship between phylogenetic and functional diversity along a gradient. When continuous measures of functional diversity based on a variety of different traits are absent, the use of functional traits known to show strong phylogenetic signal can help elucidating such relationship. By using distributional, traits and taxonomic-distance information, we explored how the taxon, functional and phylogenetic community composition (co)vary along spatial and environmental gradients in seagrass amphipod metacommunity within the Mediterranean Sea. We used beta diversity partitioning and null models to determine the role of deterministic and stochastic processes on the replacement and the net loss/gain of species, lineages and highly conserved β-niche traits. We showed that dispersal-based processes are the main determinants of the high taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity, while niche-based processes explain the low functional dissimilarity among assemblages. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional beta diversity showed contrasting patterns when controlling for the underlying taxonomic composition, with the former being not significantly different and the latter significantly lower than expected. Our results suggest the key role of historical and biogeographic processes in determining the present-day patterns of community assembly and species turnover, providing also evidence for parallel assemblage structures in Mediterranean seagrass amphipods.

scholarly journals Eukaryotic Communities in Bromeliad Phytotelmata: How Do They Respond to Altitudinal Differences?

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Eduardo Malfatti ◽  
Pedro M.A. Ferreira ◽  
Laura R. P. Utz
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
One Year

Bromeliad phytotelmata are habitats for different organisms and models for ecological studies. Although poorly known, these environments are widely distributed in tropical ecosystems, harboring cosmopolitan and endemic species. Here, we investigated the diversity of the eukaryotic community in bromeliad phytotelmata considering the influence of altitude. We randomly sampled three bromeliad individuals (twice per season over one year) at four altitudinal strata (20 m, 400 m, 910 m, and 915 m) through a mountain range in southern Brazil. Species richness of phytotelmata community was higher at intermediate altitude while community-wide multivariate analyses revealed differences in phytotelmata communities at each height. Winter was the season with highest community richness, but a peak in summer was observed. Diversity partitioning in different spatial components showed that gamma diversity decreased linearly with altitude, whereas alpha diversity peaked at intermediate altitudes, and beta diversity decreased with height. The relative importance of the components of beta diversity showed different patterns according to the altitude: turnover was more important at intermediate and lower levels, while higher altitude communities were more nested. Our results indicate that differences in height affect diversity patterns of bromeliad phytotelmata communities, which were more diverse at lower altitudes in comparison with more homogeneous communities at higher levels.

Fidelity of variation in species composition and diversity partitioning by death assemblages: time-averaging transfers diversity from beta to alpha levels

Paleobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Tomašových ◽  
Susan M. Kidwell
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Diversity Partitioning ◽  
Preservation Potential ◽  
Death Assemblages

Despite extensive paleoecological analyses of spatial and temporal turnover in species composition, the fidelity with which time-averaged death assemblages capture variation in species composition and diversity partitioning of living communities remains unexplored. Do death assemblages vary in composition between sites to a lesser degree than do living assemblages, as would be predicted from time-averaging? And is the higher number of species observed in death relative to living assemblages reduced with increasing spatial scale? We quantify the preservation of spatial and temporal variation in species composition using 11 regional data sets based on samples of living molluscan communities and their co-occurring time-averaged death assemblages. (1) Compositional dissimilarities among living assemblages (LA) within data sets are significantly positively rank-correlated to dissimilarities among counterpart pairs of death assemblages (DA), demonstrating that pairwise dissimilarity within a study area has a good preservation potential in the fossil record. Dissimilarity indices that downplay the abundance of dominant species return the highest live-dead agreement of variation in species composition. (2) The average variation in species composition (average dissimilarity) is consistently smaller in DAs than in LAs (9 of 11 data sets). This damping of variation might arise from DAs generally having a larger sample size, but the reduction by ∼10–20% mostly persists even in size-standardized analyses (4 to 7 of 11 data sets, depending on metric). Beta diversity expressed by the number of compositionally distinct communities is also significantly reduced in death assemblages in size-standardized analyses (by ∼25%). This damping of variation and reduction in beta diversity is in accord with the loss of temporal resolution expected from time-averaging, without invoking taphonomic bias (from differential preservation or postmortem transportation) or sample-size effects. The loss of temporal resolution should directly reduce temporal variation, and assuming time-for-space substitution owing to random walk within one habitat and/or temporal habitat shifting, it also decreases spatial variation in species composition. (3) DAs are more diverse than LAs at the alpha scale, but the difference is reduced at gamma scales because partitioning of alpha and beta components differs significantly between LAs and DAs. This indicates that the effects of time-averaging are reduced with increasing spatial scale. Thus, overall, time-averaged molluscan DAs do capture variation among samples of the living assemblage, but they tend to damp the magnitude of variation, making them a conservative means of inferring change over time or variation among regions in species composition and diversity. Rates of temporal and spatial species turnover documented in the fossil record are thus expected to be depressed relative to the turnover rates that are predicted by models of community dynamics, which assume higher temporal resolution. Finally, the capture by DAs of underlying variation in the LA implies little variation in the net preservation potential of death assemblages across environments, despite the different taphonomic pathways suggested by taphofacies studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document