scholarly journals A biogeographical perspective on species abundance distributions: recent advances and opportunities for future research

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Matthews ◽  
Paulo A.V. Borges ◽  
Eduardo Brito de Azevedo ◽  
Robert J. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions

scholarly journals Phylogenetic scale in ecology and evolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine H. Graham ◽  
David Storch ◽  
Antonin Machac
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Diversity Of Life ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAimMany important patterns and processes vary across the phylogeny and depend on phylogenetic scale. Yet, phylogenetic scale has never been formally conceptualized and its potential remains largely unexplored. Here, we formalize the concept of phylogenetic scale, review how phylogenetic scale has been considered across multiple fields, and provide practical guidelines for the use of phylogenetic scale to address a range of biological questions.MethodsWe summarize how phylogenetic scale has been treated in macroevolution, community ecology, biogeography, and macroecology, illustrating how it can inform, and possibly resolve, some of the longstanding controversies in these fields. To promote the concept empirically, we define phylogenetic grain and extent, scale-dependence, scaling, and the domains of phylogenetic scale. We illustrate how existing phylogenetic data and statistical tools can be employed to investigate the effects of scale on a variety of well-known patterns and processes, including diversification rates, community structure, niche conservatism, or species-abundance distributions.Main conclusionsExplicit consideration of phylogenetic scale can provide new and more complete insight into many longstanding questions across multiple fields (macroevolution, community ecology, biogeography, macroevolution). Building on the existing resources and isolated efforts across fields, future research centered on phylogenetic scale might enrich our understanding of the processes that together, but over different scales, shape the diversity of life.

scholarly journals Changing foodwebs of Indian aquatic ecosystems under the threats of invasive species: An overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Preetha Panikkar ◽  
M. Feroz Khan ◽  
U.K. Sarkar ◽  
B.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exotic Fish ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Invasive Fishes ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions ◽  
Invasion Impacts

Abstract Biological invasions are a worldwide threat to the aquatic systems and have the potential to homogenize entire foodwebs and shift species abundance distributions to more skewed ones. Invasion impacts include effects on the foodweb structure and ecosystem functioning leading to a loss in native fish biodiversity and commercially important fisheries in many open water systems. The impacts of invasives are generally devastating as they spread in the foodweb with each species potentially interacting with multiple species. The foodweb modeling studies conducted in different inland aquatic ecosystems show that not all exotics cause a detrimental effect on the resilience of an ecosystem. Information on the foodweb structure and ecosystem properties is a prerequisite for formulating management protocols for conserving biodiversity, enhancement programmes and sustaining fisheries. The present paper reviews the impacts of invasive fishes in Indian aquatic ecosystems in the context of a changing foodweb scenario due to exotic fish species invasions. The information generated here could be applied for future research on similar ecosystems for deducing management actions.

scholarly journals Molecular biology of potexviruses: recent advances

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz ◽  
Chang-Ming Ye ◽  
Devinka Bamunusinghe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Triple Gene Block ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Virus Movement ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Gene Block ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent advances in potexvirus research have produced new models describing virus replication, cell-to-cell movement, encapsidation, R gene-mediated resistance and gene silencing. Interactions between distant RNA elements are a central theme in potexvirus replication. The 5′ non-translated region (NTR) regulates genomic and subgenomic RNA synthesis and encapsidation, as well as virus plasmodesmal transport. The 3′ NTR regulates both plus- and minus-strand RNA synthesis. How the triple gene-block proteins interact for virus movement is still elusive. As the potato virus X (PVX) TGBp1 protein gates plasmodesmata, regulates virus translation and is a suppressor of RNA silencing, further research is needed to determine how these properties contribute to propelling virus through the plasmodesmata. Specifically, TGBp1 suppressor activity is required for virus movement, but how the silencing machinery relates to plasmodesmata is not known. The TGBp2 and TGBp3 proteins are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins required for virus movement. TGBp2 associates with ER-derived vesicles that traffic along the actin network. Future research will determine whether the virus-induced vesicles are cytopathic structures regulating events along the ER or are vehicles carrying virus to the plasmodesmata for transfer into neighbouring cells. Efforts to assemble virions in vitro identified a single-tailed particle (STP) comprising RNA, coat protein (CP) and TGBp1. It has been proposed that TGBp1 aids in transport of virions or STP between cells and ensures translation of RNA in the receiving cells. PVX is also a tool for studying Avr–R gene interactions and gene silencing in plants. The PVX CP is the elicitor for the Rx gene. Recent reports of the PVX CP reveal how CP interacts with the Rx gene product.

Landscape Models of Complex Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 554-580
Author(s):  
Daniel Albert ◽  
Martin Ganco
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Nk Model ◽  
Complex Change ◽  
Landscape Models ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Complex Landscape ◽  
Future Research Directions

This chapter reviews recent advances in the NK modeling literature conceptualizing organizational change and innovation as a search over a complex landscape. It discusses both strengths and limitations of this perspective and delineates potential for future research directions. The key argument is that the NK model in its traditional form may be exhausting the theoretical insights that it can provide to the field. However, substantial modifications and extensions of the NK model or new classes of landscape models may provide fresh perspectives. Specifically, we consider the modeling efforts that endogenize the landscape construction as the next frontier in this literature. We also discuss several recent studies that incorporate various extensions of the NK model and allow for agent-driven changes to the landscape.

scholarly journals A lognormal distribution of the lengths of terminal twigs on self-similar branches of elm trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1846) ◽  
pp. 20162395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Koyama ◽  
Ken Yamamoto ◽  
Masayuki Ushio
Keyword(s):  
Lognormal Distribution ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Lognormal Distributions ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Error Distributions ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Ulmus Davidiana

Lognormal distributions and self-similarity are characteristics associated with a wide range of biological systems. The sequential breakage model has established a link between lognormal distributions and self-similarity and has been used to explain species abundance distributions. To date, however, there has been no similar evidence in studies of multicellular organismal forms. We tested the hypotheses that the distribution of the lengths of terminal stems of Japanese elm trees ( Ulmus davidiana ), the end products of a self-similar branching process, approaches a lognormal distribution. We measured the length of the stem segments of three elm branches and obtained the following results: (i) each occurrence of branching caused variations or errors in the lengths of the child stems relative to their parent stems; (ii) the branches showed statistical self-similarity; the observed error distributions were similar at all scales within each branch and (iii) the multiplicative effect of these errors generated variations of the lengths of terminal twigs that were well approximated by a lognormal distribution, although some statistically significant deviations from strict lognormality were observed for one branch. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that statistical self-similarity of an organismal form generates a lognormal distribution of organ sizes.

Blockchain for Digital Twins: Recent Advances and Future Research Challenges

IEEE Network ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar Yaqoob ◽  
Khaled Salah ◽  
Mueen Uddin ◽  
Raja Jayaraman ◽  
Mohammed Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Digital Twins
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