Consideration of dispersal processes and northern refugia can improve our understanding of past plant migration rates in North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Snell ◽  
Sharon A. Cowling
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Migration ◽  
Migration Rates

scholarly journals Phytophthora ramorum in Canada: Evidence for Migration Within North America and from Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica M. Goss ◽  
Meg Larsen ◽  
Annelies Vercauteren ◽  
Sabine Werres ◽  
Kurt Heungens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Canadian Population

Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death on oak and ramorum blight on woody ornamentals, has been reported in ornamental nurseries on the West Coast of North America from British Columbia to California. Long-distance migration of P. ramorum has occurred via the nursery trade, and shipments of host plants are known to have crossed the U.S.–Canadian border. We investigated the genotypic diversity of P. ramorum in Canadian nurseries and compared the Canadian population with U.S. and European nursery isolates for evidence of migration among populations. All three of the P. ramorum clonal lineages were found in Canada but, unexpectedly, the most common was the NA2 lineage. The NA1 clonal lineage, which has been the most common lineage in U.S. nurseries, was found relatively infrequently in Canada, and these isolates may have been the result of migration from the United States to Canada. The EU1 lineage was observed almost every year and shared multilocus genotypes with isolates from Europe and the United States. Estimation of migration rates between Europe and North America indicated that migration was higher from Europe to North America than vice versa, and that unidirectional migration from Europe to North America was more likely than bidirectional migration.

scholarly journals Forecasting plant migration rates: managing uncertainty for risk assessment

2003 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Higgins ◽  
J. S. Clark ◽  
R. Nathan ◽  
T. Hovestadt ◽  
F. Schurr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Plant Migration ◽  
Migration Rates

scholarly journals Estimating plant migration rates under habitat loss and fragmentation

Oikos ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven I. Higgins ◽  
Sandra Lavorel ◽  
Eloy Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Plant Migration ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Habitat Loss And Fragmentation

scholarly journals Metapopulation connectivity in Voles (Microtus sp.) as a gauge for tallgrass prairie restoration in midwestern North America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlis R. Douglas ◽  
Whitney J.B. Anthonysamy ◽  
Mark A. Davis ◽  
Matthew P. Mulligan ◽  
Robert L. Schooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Prairie Vole ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Migration Rates

AbstractApplying quantifiable metrics to validate the success of restoration efforts is crucial for ongoing management programs in anthropogenically fragmented habitats. Estimates of dispersal can provide such baseline data because they measure not only the extent to which restored patches are colonized and interconnected, but also their metapopulation source/sink dynamics. In this context, we estimated dispersal and population connectivity among prairie (Microtus ochrogaster; N=231) and meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus; N=83), sampled from eight restored plots at five tallgrass prairie sites embedded within the agricultural matrix of midwestern North America. Our expectation was that extensive distances separating these restored habitats (i.e., 48–246 km) would spatially isolate vole metapopulations, resulting in significant genetic differentiation. We first used molecular taxonomy to validate the field-identifications of all sampled individuals, then used pairwise FST derived from 15 microsatellite DNA loci to estimate genetic connectivity among the species-delimited study populations. Metapopulation stability was gauged by assessing migration rates and deriving effective population sizes (Ne). We also calculated relatedness values (r) as a potential surrogate for contact in prairie vole, a primary vector for Lyme disease. Molecular species-assignments contravened field-identifications in 25% of samples (11 prairie/67 meadow) and identified two instances of species-hybridization (0.6%). Local effects (i.e., population crash/drought) were manifested at two sites, as documented by significant temporal declines in Ne and r. Overall, high migration rates and non-significant (10/15) pairwise FST values underscored elevated metapopulation connectivity. A single site that recorded five significant FST values also displayed significant r-values indicating the inadvertent sampling of closely related individuals. This highlights the close social groupings among cooperatively-breeding prairie vole that can exacerbate Lyme disease transmission. Thus, while elevated population connectivity aligns with prairie restoration goals, it also reinforces a need in adaptive management to evaluate environmental matrices for their permeability to vector-borne diseases.

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