Optimizing female allocation to reproductive technologies considering merit, inbreeding and cost in nucleus breeding programmes with genomic selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Granleese ◽  
Samuel A. Clark ◽  
Brian P. Kinghorn ◽  
Julius H. J. van der Werf
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Nucleus Breeding

scholarly journals Inbreeding in a Population of Polish Holstein-Friesian Young Bulls Before and After Genomic Selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Piotr Topolski ◽  
Wojciech Jagusiak
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
The Mean

AbstractInbreeding was analysed in a population of 14,144 Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian (PBWHF) young bulls born between 1994 and 2017 and bred under both conventional and genomic breeding programmes. The inbreeding coefficients were computed using a model with genetic groups, according to the algorithm given by VanRaden. It was found that in the analysed population all bulls are inbred (100% of the population), with the mean coefficient of inbreeding ranging from 0.09% to 26.95%. Pedigree analysis also showed a relationship between the changing number of bulls over the years and the dynamics of population inbreeding. These trends are connected with changes in the breeding scheme, related to the implementation of genomic selection in the breeding programme for PBWHF cattle in 2014. The increasing number of weaned young bulls in Poland was paralleled by a fairly consistent increase in the mean inbreeding, but the inbreeding dynamics were relatively small. A reverse trend was observed in the group of young bulls born after 2013. As the number of bulls very rapidly decreased in successive birth years, the mean inbreeding for successive birth-year groups very rapidly increased. As a result, the estimated linear trend was equal to 0.02% inbreeding per year of birth in the group of bulls raised before genomic selection (~20 birth-year) whereas in the group of bulls raised after genomic selection (~4 birth-year) the trend was much higher and amounted to 0.56% inbreeding per year of birth. The high mean inbreeding found in the group of the genomically selected young bulls may translate into higher inbreeding in the whole population of PBWHF cattle, because these bulls are now intensively used as sires. The results of our study also show that the implementation of genomic selection in the breeding programme caused a very rapid increase in the inbreeding rate per birth-year in young bulls.

Current and future developments in dairy cattle breeding: a research viewpoint

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
W. G. Hill ◽  
S. Brotherstone ◽  
P. M. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection Intensities

AbstractRates of genetic improvement in dairy cattle breeding programmes have increased substantially in the last decade, not only in Europe where there has been substantial immigration of North American stock. More accurate statistical evaluation procedures, including the use of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) with the animal model, have been introduced; higher selection intensities have been achieved, particularly on production traits, through better organized and focused schemes; and developments in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) have been both a stimulus and to some extent a cause. Continued rapid improvement can be expected as research and development enables more accurate and timely use to be made of recording data, because there is evidence that heritability values for milk production are rising, perhaps because of better cow management, and as competition among breeders internationally increases. There are a number of consequent challenges to geneticists and breeders. Attention will have to be given to maintaining the fitness of very high producing animals by recording health, fertility, longevity and parlour traits, and using the results of research to give them appropriate weight in selection decisions. Developments in molecular methods and in reproductive technologies present new opportunities, but are unlikely to do more for some time than complement progress from conventional selection on the important production traits.

scholarly journals Designing dairy cattle breeding schemes under genomic selection: a review of international research

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Pryce ◽  
H. D. Daetwyler
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Scheme Design ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Schemes

High rates of genetic gain can be achieved through (1) accurate predictions of breeding values (2) high intensities of selection and (3) shorter generation intervals. Reliabilities of ~60% are currently achievable using genomic selection in dairy cattle. This breakthrough means that selection of animals can happen at a very early age (i.e. as soon as a DNA sample is available) and has opened opportunities to radically redesign breeding schemes. Most research over the past decade has focussed on the feasibility of genomic selection, especially how to increase the accuracy of genomic breeding values. More recently, how to apply genomic technology to breeding schemes has generated a lot of interest. Some of this research remains the intellectual property of breeding companies, but there are examples in the public domain. Here we review published research into breeding scheme design using genomic selection and evaluate which designs appear to be promising (in terms of rates of genetic gain) and those that may have unfavourable side-effects (i.e. increasing the rate of inbreeding). The schemes range from fairly conservative designs where bulls are screened genomically to reduce numbers entering progeny testing, to schemes where very large numbers of bull calves are screened and used as sires as soon as they reach sexual maturity. More radical schemes that incorporate the use of reproductive technologies (in juveniles) and genomic selection in nucleus herds are also described. The models used are either deterministic and more recently tend to be stochastic, simulating populations of cattle. A key driver of the rate of genetic gain is the generation interval, which could range from being similar to that in conventional testing (~5 years), down to as little as 1.5 years. Generally, the rate of genetic gain is between 12% and 100% more than in conventional progeny testing, while the rate of inbreeding tends to be lower per generation than in progeny testing because Mendelian sampling terms can be estimated more accurately. However, short generation intervals can lead to higher rates of inbreeding per year in genomic breeding programs.

Reproductive technologies and genomic selection in dairy cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ponsart ◽  
D. Le Bourhis ◽  
H. Knijn ◽  
S. Fritz ◽  
C. Guyader-Joly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Preimplantation Stage ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Dna Production ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

Genomic tools are now available for most livestock species and are used routinely for genomic selection (GS) in cattle. One of the most important developments resulting from the introduction of genomic testing for dairy cattle is the application of reasonably priced low-density single nucleotide polymorphism technology in the selection of females. In this context, combining genome testing and reproductive biotechnologies in young heifers enables new strategies to generate replacement and elite females in a given period of time. Moreover, multiple markers have been detected in biopsies of preimplantation stage embryos, thus paving the way to develop new strategies based on preimplantation diagnosis and the genetic screening of embryos. Based on recent advances in GS, the present review focuses on new possibilities inherent in reproductive technologies used for commercial purposes and in genetic schemes, possible side effects and beneficial impacts on reproductive efficiency. A particular focus is on the different steps allowing embryo genotyping, including embryo micromanipulation, DNA production and quality assessment.

Predicting food intake in dairy heifers from part-lactation records

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
G Simm ◽  
P Persaud ◽  
H Parkinson ◽  
B J McGuirk
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Nucleus Breeding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dairy Bull ◽  
Milk Solids

Food accounts for 80-90% of the variable costs in dairying in the UK. In contrast to genetic improvement programmes in most other species, no account has been taken of food intake or gross efficiency In dairy breeding programmes, In the UK or elsewhere. This Is largely due to the expense and impracticality of recording food Intake in conventional dairy bull progeny testing schemes, Involving thousands of cows In many different herds. However, several studies show positive correlated responses in efficiency, following selection on milk or milk solids yield (Gibson, 1986; Korver, 1988; Persaud, Simm, Parkinson and Hill, 1990).Recently nucleus breeding programmes based on sib testing and the use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) have been proposed as an alternative to national progeny testing schemes for dairy cattle Improvement (Nicholas and Smith, 1983).

Conservation breeding and assisted reproductive technologies.

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Paul A. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Abstract This chapter contains questions on the role of zoos in conservation (captive) breeding programmes and the technologies that have been developed to assist in the reproduction of rare species.

Application of reproductive technologies to the improvement of dairy cattle genomic selection

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
N. S. Yudin ◽  
K. I. Lukyanov ◽  
M. I. Voevoda ◽  
N. A. Kolchanov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Technologies

Reproductive biotechniques in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): status, prospects and challenges

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
M. S. Chauhan ◽  
S. K. Singla ◽  
S. K. Gautam ◽  
V. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Breeding Programmes

The swamp buffalo holds tremendous potential in the livestock sector in Asian and Mediterranean countries. Current needs are the faster multiplication of superior genotypes and the conservation of endangered buffalo breeds. Recent advances in assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro embryo production methodologies, offer enormous opportunities to not only improve productivity, but also to use buffaloes to produce novel products for applications to human health and nutrition. The use of molecular genomics will undoubtedly advance these technologies for their large-scale application and resolve the key problems currently associated with advanced reproductive techniques, such as animal cloning, stem cell technology and transgenesis. Preliminary success in the application of modern reproductive technologies warrants further research at the cellular and molecular levels before their commercial exploitation in buffalo breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Genetic benefits of genomic selection breeding programmes considering foreign sire contributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daragh Matthews ◽  
John F. Kearney ◽  
Andrew R. Cromie ◽  
Fiona S. Hely ◽  
Peter R. Amer
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Benefits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection Breeding
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