scholarly journals Patterns and mechanisms of heterogeneous breeding distribution shifts of North American migratory birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. McCaslin ◽  
Julie A. Heath
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Breeding Distribution ◽  
Distribution Shifts

Migratory vertebrates shift migration timing and distributions in a warming Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-131
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Lameris ◽  
Jeroen Hoekendijk ◽  
Geert Aarts ◽  
Aline Aarts ◽  
Andrew M. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Distribution Shifts ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract Climate warming in the Arctic has led to warmer and earlier springs, and as a result, many food resources for migratory animals become available earlier in the season, as well as become distributed further northwards. To optimally profit from these resources, migratory animals are expected to arrive earlier in the Arctic, as well as shift their own spatial distributions northwards. Here, we review literature to assess whether Arctic migratory birds and mammals already show shifts in migration timing or distribution in response to the warming climate. Distribution shifts were most prominent in marine mammals, as expected from observed northward shifts of their resources. At least for many bird species, the ability to shift distributions is likely constrained by available habitat further north. Shifts in timing have been shown in many species of terrestrial birds and ungulates, as well as for polar bears. Within species, we found strong variation in shifts in timing and distributions between populations. Ou r review thus shows that many migratory animals display shifts in migration timing and spatial distribution in reaction to a warming Arctic. Importantly, we identify large knowledge gaps especially concerning distribution shifts and timing of autumn migration, especially for marine mammals. Our understanding of how migratory animals respond to climate change appears to be mostly limited by the lack of long-term monitoring studies.

scholarly journals Spread and Persistence of Influenza A Viruses in Waterfowl Hosts in the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 5371-5381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Fries ◽  
Jacqueline M. Nolting ◽  
Andrew S. Bowman ◽  
Xudong Lin ◽  
Rebecca A. Halpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Gene Dispersal ◽  
The North ◽  
Migratory Season ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Migratory Corridor

ABSTRACTWhile geographic distance often restricts the spread of pathogens via hosts, this barrier may be compromised when host species are mobile. Migratory waterfowl in the order Anseriformes are important reservoir hosts for diverse populations of avian-origin influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are assumed to spread AIVs during their annual continental-scale migrations. However, support for this hypothesis is limited, and it is rarely tested using data from comprehensive surveillance efforts incorporating both the temporal and spatial aspects of host migratory patterns. We conducted intensive AIV surveillance of waterfowl using the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway (MMF) over three autumn migratory seasons. Viral isolates (n= 297) from multiple host species were sequenced and analyzed for patterns of gene dispersal between northern staging and southern wintering locations. Using a phylogenetic and nucleotide identity framework, we observed a larger amount of gene dispersal within this flyway rather than between the other three longitudinally identified North American flyways. Across seasons, we observed patterns of regional persistence of diversity for each genomic segment, along with limited survival of dispersed AIV gene lineages. Reassortment increased with both time and distance, resulting in transient AIV constellations. This study shows that within the MMF, AIV gene flow favors spread along the migratory corridor within a season, and also that intensive surveillance during bird migration is important for identifying virus dispersal on time scales relevant to pandemic responsiveness. In addition, this study indicates that comprehensive monitoring programs to capture AIV diversity are critical for providing insight into AIV evolution and ecology in a major natural reservoir.IMPORTANCEMigratory birds are a reservoir for antigenic and genetic diversity of influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are implicated in the spread of virus diversity that has contributed to previous pandemic events. Evidence for dispersal of avian-origin AIVs by migratory birds is rarely examined on temporal scales relevant to pandemic or panzootic threats. Therefore, characterizing AIV movement by hosts within a migratory season is important for implementing effective surveillance strategies. We conducted surveillance following birds along a major North American migratory route and observed that within a migratory season, AIVs rapidly reassorted and gene lineages were dispersed primarily within the migratory corridor. Patterns of regional persistence were observed across seasons for each gene segment. We show that dispersal of AIV gene lineages by migratory birds occurs quickly along migratory routes and that surveillance for AIVs threatening human and animal health should focus attention on these routes.

scholarly journals Identifying nesting grounds for juvenile migratory birds with dual isotope: an initial test using North American raptors

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke E. Crowley ◽  
Clément P. Bataille ◽  
Bruce A. Haak ◽  
Kaitlin M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Dual Isotope

scholarly journals Shared morphological consequences of global warming in North American migratory birds

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Weeks ◽  
David E. Willard ◽  
Marketa Zimova ◽  
Aspen A. Ellis ◽  
Max L. Witynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds

scholarly journals Shared morphological consequences of global warming in North American migratory birds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Weeks ◽  
David E. Willard ◽  
Aspen A. Ellis ◽  
Max L. Witynski ◽  
Mary Hennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
North American ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
General Response

ABSTRACTIncreasing temperatures associated with climate change are predicted to cause reductions in body size, a key determinant of animal physiology and ecology. Using a four-decade specimen series of 70,716 individuals of 52 North American migratory bird species, we demonstrate that increasing annual summer temperature over the 40-year period drove consistent reductions in body size across these diverse taxa. Concurrently, wing length – which impacts nearly all aspects of avian ecology and behavior – has consistently increased across taxa. Our findings suggest that warming-induced body size reduction is a general response to climate change, and reveal a similarly consistent shift in an ecologically-important dimension of body shape. We hypothesize that increasing wing length represents a compensatory adaptation to maintain migration as reductions in body size have increased the metabolic cost of flight. An improved understanding of warming-induced morphological changes, and their limits, are important for predicting biotic responses to global change.

scholarly journals Climatic patterns in the establishment of wintering areas by North American migratory birds

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2022-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Pérez‐Moreno ◽  
Enrique Martínez‐Meyer ◽  
Jorge Soberón Mainero ◽  
Octavio Rojas‐Soto
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Wintering Areas
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