scholarly journals Effect of fuel deposition rate on departure fuel load of migratory songbirds during spring stopover along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Moore ◽  
Kristen M. Covino ◽  
William B. Lewis ◽  
Theodore J. Zenzal ◽  
Thomas J. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Migratory Songbirds ◽  
Spring Stopover ◽  
Fuel Deposition

scholarly journals Fuel load and flight ranges of blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla in northern Iberia during autumn and spring migrations

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Arizaga ◽  
Emilio Barba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Sylvia Atricapilla ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Fuel Accumulation ◽  
Fuel Deposition

Abstract Fuel accumulation, mainly as fatty acids, is one of the main characteristics of migratory birds. Studying to what extent each population or species manages fuel load and how it varies along routes of migration or between seasons (autumn and spring migrations) is crucial to our understanding of bird migration strategies. Our aim here was to analyse whether migratory blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla passing through northern Iberia differ in their mean fuel loads, rate of fuel accumulation and ‘potential’ flight ranges between migration seasons. Blackcaps were mist netted for 4 h-periods beginning at dawn from 16 September to 15 November 2003 - 2005, and from 1 March to 30 April 2004 - 2006 in a European Atlantic hedgerow at Loza, northern Iberia. Both fuel load and fuel deposition rate (this latter assessed with difference in body mass of within-season recaptured individuals) were higher in autumn than in spring. Possible hypotheses explaining these results could be seasonal-associated variations in food availability (likely lower during spring than during autumn), the fact that a fraction of the migrants captured in spring could breed close to the study area and different selective pressures for breeding and wintering.

scholarly journals The impact of an invasive exotic bush on the stopover ecology of migrant passerines

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. Arizaga ◽  
◽  
E. Unamuno ◽  
O. Clarabuch ◽  
A. Azkona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Migrant Bird ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Deposition

Migration is highly energy-demanding and birds often need to accumulate large fuel loads during this period. However, original habitat at stopover sites could be affected by invasive exotic plants outcompeting native vegetation. The impact of exotic plants on the stopover behavior of migrant bird species is poorly understood. As a general hypothesis, it can be supposed that habitat change due to the presence of exotic plants will affect migrants, having a negative impact on bird abundance, on avian community assemblage, and/or on fuel deposition rate. To test these predictions, we used data obtained in August 2011 at a ringing station in a coastal wetland in northern Iberia which contained both unaltered reedbeds (Phragmites spp.) and areas where the reedbeds had been largely replaced by the invasive saltbush (Baccharis halimifolia). Passerines associated with reedbeds during the migration period were used as model species, with a particular focus on sedge warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus). The saltbush promoted a noticeable change on bird assemblage, which became enriched by species typical of woodland habitats. Sedge warblers departed with a higher fuel load, showed a higher fuel deposition rate, and stayed for longer in the control zone than in the invaded zone. Invasive plants, such as saltbush, can impose radical changes on habitat, having a direct effect on the stopover strategies of migrants. The substitution of reedbeds by saltbushes in several coastal marshes in Atlantic Europe should be regarded as a problem with potential negative cons equences for the conservation of migrant bird species associated with this habitat.

scholarly journals Fat, weather, and date affect migratory songbirds’ departure decisions, routes, and time it takes to cross the Gulf of Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (46) ◽  
pp. E6331-E6338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill L. Deppe ◽  
Michael P. Ward ◽  
Rachel T. Bolus ◽  
Robert H. Diehl ◽  
Antonio Celis-Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Migratory Songbirds ◽  
Departure Decisions ◽  
Species Specific

Approximately two thirds of migratory songbirds in eastern North America negotiate the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), where inclement weather coupled with no refueling or resting opportunities can be lethal. However, decisions made when navigating such features and their consequences remain largely unknown due to technological limitations of tracking small animals over large areas. We used automated radio telemetry to track three songbird species (Red-eyed Vireo, Swainson’s Thrush, Wood Thrush) from coastal Alabama to the northern Yucatan Peninsula (YP) during fall migration. Detecting songbirds after crossing ∼1,000 km of open water allowed us to examine intrinsic (age, wing length, fat) and extrinsic (weather, date) variables shaping departure decisions, arrival at the YP, and crossing times. Large fat reserves and low humidity, indicative of beneficial synoptic weather patterns, favored southward departure across the Gulf. Individuals detected in the YP departed with large fat reserves and later in the fall with profitable winds, and flight durations (mean = 22.4 h) were positively related to wind profit. Age was not related to departure behavior, arrival, or travel time. However, vireos negotiated the GOM differently than thrushes, including different departure decisions, lower probability of detection in the YP, and longer crossing times. Defense of winter territories by thrushes but not vireos and species-specific foraging habits may explain the divergent migratory behaviors. Fat reserves appear extremely important to departure decisions and arrival in the YP. As habitat along the GOM is degraded, birds may be limited in their ability to acquire fat to cross the Gulf.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO MATERIAL COMBUSTÍVEL E SIMULAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO DO FOGO EM EUCALIPTAIS NO LITORAL NORTE DA BAHIA, BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Leonardo Alves White ◽  
Genésio Tâmara Ribeiro ◽  
Rosemeri Melo e Souza
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Modeling ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

Eucalyptus é o gênero florestal plantado em maior quantidade no Brasil, sendo sua madeira utilizada, principalmente, para a produção de celulose. Incêndios florestais dentro de plantações dessas espécies acabam por danificar ou consumir a matéria-prima, gerando prejuízos de ordem econômica. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o material combustível superficial nos povoamentos de eucalipto pertencentes à empresa Copener Florestal Ltda., localizados no litoral norte da Bahia, e, por conseguinte, determinar o comportamento do fogo em diferentes cenários com base em simulações computacionais utilizando o BehavePlus Fire Modeling System. Para tal, foram realizadas 40 amostragens destrutivas de coleta de material combustível em 5 distintos povoamentos de 6 anos. A espessura do leito foi definida por meio de transectos linha, e a velocidade do vento, com base em dados da estação meteorológica Salgado. Demais dados foram obtidos através de consulta à literatura. Os povoamentos de eucalipto apresentaram em média 11,31 t/ha de material combustível, espessura do leito média de5,94 cm e velocidade do vento média de4,45 km/h. Com base nas simulações, foi definido que apenas no cenário de alto perigo é essencial a utilização de equipamentos de grande porte para combate ao fogo.Palavras-chave: Incêndios florestais; proteção florestal; silvicultura. AbstractCharacterization of the understory fuel load and fire behavior simulation in eucalyptus plantations in north coast of Bahia, Brazil. Currently, eucalyptus is the most planted forest genus in Brazil, being its wood used mainly for the production of cellulose. Forest fires in plantations of these species eventually damage or consume the raw material, generating economic losses. This work aims to characterize the surface fuel load in eucalypt plantation of the Copener Florestal Ltda. company, located on the northern coast of Bahia, and, therefore, determine the fire behavior in different scenarios based on computer simulations using the BehavePlus Fire Modeling System. In order to that, we conducted 40 destructive sampling in 05 different 06 years old stands. The fuel bed depth was determined through transect line methodology, and the wind speed was based on data from the Salgado weather station. Other data were obtained from the literature. The eucalyptus plantations had on average 11.31 t/ha fuel load,5.94 cm of fuel bed depth average, and average wind speed of4.45 km/h. Based on the simulations it was defined that only in the scenario of high risk it is essential to use large equipment for firefighting. In low and medium hazard scenarios fire can be extinguished by people using hand equipments.Keywords: Forest fire; forest protection; silviculture.

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