scholarly journals Factors associated with non‐completion of and scores on physical capability tests in health surveys: The North Health in Intellectual Disability Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Isabel Olsen ◽  
Marianne Berg Halvorsen ◽  
Erik Søndenaa ◽  
Bjørn Heine Strand ◽  
Ellen Melbye Langballe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North

Changes in demand for children between 2003 and 2013 in Nigeria: Evidence from survey data

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Stella Babalola ◽  
Joshua O. Akinyemi ◽  
Clifford O. Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Desire ◽  
The North ◽  
Demand For Children

Abstract Nigeria has one of the highest fertility rates in Africa. Data from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys indicate a virtual stagnation of fertility rate since 2003. Low contraceptive use and pronatalist attitudes are among the factors contributing to the high fertility rate in Nigeria. In this manuscript, we pooled data from three most recent waves of Demographic and Health Surveys to examine trends in demand for children over time and identify the factors associated with change in demand for children. The data show that demand for children has declined since 2003 although not monotonically so. Variables that were positively associated with increased likelihood of desiring no additional children were residence in the South-West (as opposed to residence in the North-Central), exposure to family planning (FP) messages on the mass media, number of children ever born, educational level, and urban residence. In contrast, uncertainty about fertility desire was more widespread in 2008 compared to 2013 although less widespread in 2003 than in 2013. The likelihood of being undecided about fertility desire was positively associated with discrepancies in family size desires between husband and wife, parity and Islamic religious affiliation. Programs should aim to increase access to effective contraceptive methods and promote demand for contraceptives as a way of fostering a sustainable reduction in demand for children. Furthermore, strategies that address uncertainty by fostering women’s understanding of the social and health implications of large family sizes are relevant.

Factors associated with human visceral leishmaniasis cases during urban epidemics in Brazil: a systematic review

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cleya da Silva Santana Cruz ◽  
David Soeiro Barbosa ◽  
Vinícius Cunha Oliveira ◽  
Diogo Tavares Cardoso ◽  
Nathália Sernizon Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North ◽  
Unified Health System

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in 70 countries and has been reported in 12 countries of Latin America, with over 90% of the cases reported in Brazil, where epidemics have occurred since 1980. The objective of this review is to describe the factors associated with the occurrence of VL epidemics in humans in urban areas. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. The databases PubMed (by Medline), Cochrane Library, Embase, Amed, LILACS and grey literature [Google Scholar and handsearch of the database of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of Brazil's Unified Health System] were used. The protocol was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42019128998). Climatic, environmental factors and indicators of urban social structure were described as influencing the outbreaks in the North and Northeast regions. Gender and age characteristics were related to a greater chance of developing VL in the Central-West, Northeast and Southeast regions. Vector indicators showed a positive correlation with the incidence of VL in studies in the Northeast region. In the Southeast and Northeast regions, studies revealed the presence of dogs with positive correlation with VL. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the contribution to the increase in the risk factors described in ecological approaches, as no analysis was performed at the individual level, and it is still necessary to discuss the influence of other associated elements in epidemic episodes in the spread of VL.

scholarly journals Time trends in and factors associated with repeat adolescent birth in Uganda: Analysis of six demographic and health surveys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Amongin ◽  
Annettee Nakimuli ◽  
Claudia Hanson ◽  
Mary Nakafeero ◽  
Frank Kaharuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Birth

Identifying Factors Associated With Severe Intellectual Disabilities in Teenagers With Cerebral Palsy Using a Predictive Learning Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo M. Bertoncelli ◽  
Paola Altamura ◽  
Edgar Ramos Vieira ◽  
Domenico Bertoncelli ◽  
Susanne Thummler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Machine Learning Model

Background: Intellectual disability and impaired adaptive functioning are common in children with cerebral palsy, but there is a lack of studies assessing these issues in teenagers with cerebral palsy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and test a predictive machine learning model to identify factors associated with intellectual disability in teenagers with cerebral palsy. Methods: This was a multicenter controlled cohort study of 91 teenagers with cerebral palsy (53 males, 38 females; mean age ± SD = 17 ± 1 y; range: 12-18 y). Data on etiology, diagnosis, spasticity, epilepsy, clinical history, communication abilities, behaviors, motor skills, eating, and drinking abilities were collected between 2005 and 2015. Intellectual disability was classified as “mild,” “moderate,” “severe,” or “profound” based on adaptive functioning, and according to the DSM-5 after 2013 and DSM-IV before 2013, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children for patients up to ages 16 years, 11 months, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for patients ages 17-18. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regressions to identify factors associated with intellectual disability. A predictive machine learning model was developed to identify factors associated with having profound intellectual disability. The guidelines of the “Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis Statement” were followed. Results: Poor manual abilities ( P ≤ .001), gross motor function ( P ≤ .001), and type of epilepsy (intractable: P = .04; well controlled: P = .01) were significantly associated with profound intellectual disability. The average model accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity was 78%. Conclusion: Poor motor skills and epilepsy were associated with profound intellectual disability. The machine learning prediction model was able to adequately identify high likelihood of severe intellectual disability in teenagers with cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Stunting among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3875
Author(s):  
Nidhi Wali ◽  
Kingsley E. Agho ◽  
Andre M.N. Renzaho
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive ◽  
Children Under 5

South Asia continues to be the global hub for child undernutrition with 35% of children still stunted in 2017. This paper aimed to identify factors associated with stunting among children aged 0–23 months, 24–59 months, and 0–59 months in South Asia. A weighted sample of 564,518 children aged 0–59 months from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2014–2018) was combined of five countries in South Asia. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to examine associated factors. The common factors associated with stunting in three age groups were mothers with no schooling ([adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 0–23 months = 1.65; 95% CI: (1.29, 2.13)]; [AOR for 24–59 months = AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: (1.27, 1. 69)] and [AOR for 0–59 months = AOR = 1.59; 95% CI: (1.34, 1. 88)]) and maternal short stature (height < 150 cm) ([AOR for 0–23 months = 2.00; 95% CI: (1.51, 2.65)]; [AOR for 24–59 months = 3.63; 95% CI: (2.87, 4.60)] and [AOR for 0–59 months = 2.87; 95% CI: (2.37, 3.48)]). Study findings suggest the need for a balanced and integrated nutrition strategy that incorporates nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions with an increased focus on interventions for children aged 24–59 months.

scholarly journals Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Jabeen ◽  
Adnan Rathor ◽  
Maria Riaz ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background A remarkable decline in fertility rates has been observed in many countries, with a primary determinant being an increase in the use of contraceptives. However, the birth rate in Pakistan is still higher compared to the other countries of the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. Methods Secondary data analysis of four data series of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS 1990–1991, 2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) were used. The data includes ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the previous five years and participated in the family planning module of the PDHS. A total of 25,318 women were included in the analysis. Data were analysed by investigating the associations between independent variables (demand- and supply-side factors) and the use of contraceptive measures through unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR). Results The results among demand-side factors indicated that in 2012–2013, women without media exposure were less likely to use contraceptives and the trend remains almost constant for 2017–2018 (AOR = 0.664, 95% CI 0.562–0.784) in 2012–2013 and (AOR = 0.654, 95% CI 0.483–0.885) in 2017–2018. However, they still show a lower likelihood of using contraceptives without media exposure. The results among supply-side factors indicated that absence of transport (2012–2013) and limited visits by family planning workers over the previous 12 months (2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) remained significant factors for not using contraceptive methods. Conclusions The results of the study indicate that certain demand- and supply-side factors are associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. It highlights the need for the provision of family planning resources and further structural factors, particularly in remote areas.

Factors Associated With Living in Developmental Centers in California

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Harrington ◽  
Taewoon Kang ◽  
Jamie Chang
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
At Home

Abstract This study examined need, predisposing, market, and regional factors that predicted the likelihood of individuals with developmental disabilities living in state developmental centers (DCs) compared with living at home, in community care, or in intermediate care (ICFs) and other facilities. Secondary data analysis using logistic regression models was conducted for all individuals ages 21 years or older who had moderate, severe, or profound intellectual disability. Client needs were the most important factors associated with living arrangements, with those in DCs having more complex needs. Men had higher odds of living in DCs than in other settings, whereas older individuals had lower odds of living in DCs than in ICFs for persons with developmental disabilities and other facilities. Asians/Pacific Islanders, African Americans, and Hispanics were less likely to live in DCs than to live at home. The supply of residential care beds for the elderly reduced the likelihood of living in DCs, and the odds of living in a DC varied widely across regions. Controlling for need, many other factors predicted living arrangements. Policymakers need to ensure adequate resources and provider supply to reduce the need by individuals with intellectual disability to live in DCs and to transition individuals from DCs into other living arrangements.

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