The relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with prediabetes compared with individuals with normoglycaemia: Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression

<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="387">The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D. The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.</td><td width="0" height="85"> </td></tr><tr><td width="0" height="82"> </td></tr></tbody></table>

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Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (12) ◽

pp. e4593-e4604 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ildiko Lingvay ◽

Matthew S Capehorn ◽

Andrei-Mircea Catarig ◽

Pierre Johansen ◽

Jack Lawson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Weight ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Indirect Comparison ◽

Diabetes Patient ◽

Metformin Monotherapy ◽

Efficacy Measures ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Context No head-to-head trials have directly compared once-weekly (OW) semaglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, with empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective We indirectly compared the efficacy of OW semaglutide 1 mg vs once-daily (OD) empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy, using individual patient data (IPD) and meta-regression methodology. Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions IPD for patients with T2D receiving metformin monotherapy and randomized to OW semaglutide 1 mg (SUSTAIN 2, 3, 8 trials), or to OD empagliflozin 25 mg (PIONEER 2 trial) were included. Meta-regression analyses were adjusted for potential prognostic factors and effect modifiers. Main Outcome Measures The primary efficacy outcomes were change from baseline to end-of-treatment (~1 year) in HbA1c (%-point) and body weight (kg). Responder outcomes and other clinically relevant efficacy measures were analyzed. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between OW semaglutide (n = 995) and empagliflozin (n = 410). Our analyses showed that OW semaglutide significantly reduced mean HbA1c and body weight vs empagliflozin (estimated treatment difference: −0.61%-point [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.72; −0.49] and −1.65 kg [95% CI: −2.22; −1.08], respectively; both P < 0.0001). Complementary analyses supported the robustness of these results. A significantly greater proportion of patients on OW semaglutide vs empagliflozin also achieved HbA1c targets and weight-loss responses. Conclusions This indirect comparison suggests that OW semaglutide 1 mg provides superior reductions in HbA1c and body weight vs OD empagliflozin 25 mg in patients with T2D when added to metformin monotherapy.

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The absolute and relative risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 108625

Author(s):

Rebecca A. Dennison ◽

Eileen S. Chen ◽

Madeline E. Green ◽

Chloe Legard ◽

Deeya Kotecha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Absolute

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Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v6i1.6529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

William G Wuenstel ◽

James A. Johnson ◽

James Humphries ◽

Cheryl Samuel

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Ethnic Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Central American ◽

Significance Level ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D.The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Download Full-text