scholarly journals Aquaculture production of hatchling Hawaiian Bobtail Squid ( Euprymna scolopes ) is negatively impacted by decreasing environmental microbiome diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor R. Murphy ◽  
Rui Xiao ◽  
Marjorie L. Brooks ◽  
Bethany A. Rader ◽  
Scott D. Hamilton‐Brehm
Keyword(s):  
Euprymna Scolopes ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Vaccines for aquaculture overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Khishov ◽  
◽  
Galina I. Burlakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Short Development Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.

scholarly journals Antioxidants in Fish Sperm and the Potential Role of Melatonin

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Francisca Félix ◽  
Catarina C. V. Oliveira ◽  
Elsa Cabrita
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fish Sperm ◽  
Scavenger Activity ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Novel Antioxidants ◽  
Aquaculture Production

In recent years, the effects of novel antioxidants have played an important role in the research focusing on fish cell protection. As food demand grows, aquaculture production becomes more intensive, and fish are more exposed to oxidative stress conditions, like high densities, temperature shifting, frequent fish handling and samplings, and prophylactic or disease treatments, which expose fish to a different environment. Particularly in reproduction, germ cells lose antioxidant capacity with spermatogenesis, as spermatozoa are more prone to oxidative stress. Antioxidants have been used in a variety of fish physiological problems including in reproduction and in the establishment of cryopreservation protocols. From the most used antioxidants to natural plant food and herbs, and endogenously produced antioxidants, like melatonin, a review of the literature available in terms of their effects on the protection of fish spermatozoa is presented here in a classified structure. Several direct and indirect approaches to improve gamete quality using antioxidants administration are mentioned (through feed supplementation or by adding in cryopreservation media), as well as factors affecting the efficiency of these molecules and their mechanisms of action. Special attention is given to the unclear melatonin pathway and its potential scavenger activity to prevent and counteract oxidative stress damage on fish spermatozoa.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome diversity is an independent predictor of survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis T. Sims ◽  
Molly B. El Alam ◽  
Tatiana V. Karpinets ◽  
Stephanie Dorta-Estremera ◽  
Venkatesh L. Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Term Survivor

AbstractDiversity of the gut microbiome is associated with higher response rates for cancer patients receiving immunotherapy but has not been investigated in patients receiving radiation therapy. Additionally, current studies investigating the gut microbiome and outcomes in cancer patients may not have adjusted for established risk factors. Here, we sought to determine if diversity and composition of the gut microbiome was independently associated with survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation. Our study demonstrates that the diversity of gut microbiota is associated with a favorable response to chemoradiation. Additionally, compositional variation among patients correlated with short term and long-term survival. Short term survivor fecal samples were significantly enriched in Porphyromonas, Porphyromonadaceae, and Dialister, whereas long term survivor samples were significantly enriched in Escherichia Shigella, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterobacteriales. Moreover, analysis of immune cells from cervical tumor brush samples by flow cytometry revealed that patients with a high microbiome diversity had increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes as well as activated subsets of CD4 cells expressing ki67+ and CD69+ over the course of radiation therapy. Modulation of the gut microbiota before chemoradiation might provide an alternative way to enhance treatment efficacy and improve treatment outcomes in cervical cancer patients.

scholarly journals Fish Waste: From Problem to Valuable Resource

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Daniela Coppola ◽  
Chiara Lauritano ◽  
Fortunato Palma Esposito ◽  
Gennaro Riccio ◽  
Carmen Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Following the growth of the global population and the subsequent rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization, the fisheries and aquaculture production has seen a massive increase driven mainly by the development of fishing technologies. Accordingly, a remarkable increase in the amount of fish waste has been produced around the world; it has been estimated that about two-thirds of the total amount of fish is discarded as waste, creating huge economic and environmental concerns. For this reason, the disposal and recycling of these wastes has become a key issue to be resolved. With the growing attention of the circular economy, the exploitation of underused or discarded marine material can represent a sustainable strategy for the realization of a circular bioeconomy, with the production of materials with high added value. In this study, we underline the enormous role that fish waste can have in the socio-economic sector. This review presents the different compounds with high commercial value obtained by fish byproducts, including collagen, enzymes, and bioactive peptides, and lists their possible applications in different fields.

scholarly journals Fish Pathology Research and Diagnosis in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish; a Proteomics Perspective

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Márcio Moreira ◽  
Denise Schrama ◽  
Ana Paula Farinha ◽  
Marco Cerqueira ◽  
Cláudia Raposo de Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Fish Pathology ◽  
Important Characterization ◽  
Aquaculture Production

One of the main constraints in aquaculture production is farmed fish vulnerability to diseases due to husbandry practices or external factors like pollution, climate changes, or even the alterations in the dynamic of product transactions in this industry. It is though important to better understand and characterize the intervenients in the process of a disease outbreak as these lead to huge economical losses in aquaculture industries. High-throughput technologies like proteomics can be an important characterization tool especially in pathogen identification and the virulence mechanisms related to host-pathogen interactions on disease research and diagnostics that will help to control, prevent, and treat diseases in farmed fish. Proteomics important role is also maximized by its holistic approach to understanding pathogenesis processes and fish responses to external factors like stress or temperature making it one of the most promising tools for fish pathology research.

scholarly journals Microbiome recovery in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a randomised phase 2A trial of the novel antibiotic gepotidacin (GSK140944)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nuzzo ◽  
Stephanie Van Horn ◽  
Christopher Traini ◽  
Caroline R. Perry ◽  
Etienne F. Dumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Pharyngeal Cavity ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background With increasing concerns about the impact of frequent antibiotic usage on the human microbiome, it is important to characterize the potential for such effects in early antibiotic drug development clinical trials. In a randomised Phase 2a clinical trial study that evaluated the pharmacokinetics of repeated oral doses of gepotidacin, a first-in-chemical-class triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic with a distinct mechanism of action, in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections for gepotidacin (GSK2140944) we evaluated the potential changes in microbiome composition across multiple time points and body-sites (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03568942). Results Samples of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), pharyngeal cavity and vaginal microbiota were collected with consent from 22 patients at three time points relative to the gepotidacin dosing regimen; Day 1 (pre-dose), Day 5 (end of dosing) and Follow-up (Day 28 ± 3 days). Microbiota composition was determined by DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene variable region 4 amplicons. By Day 5, significant changes were observed in the microbiome diversity relative to pre-dose across the tested body-sites. However, by the Follow-up visit, microbiome diversity changes were reverted to compositions comparable to Day 1. The greatest range of microbiome changes by body-site were GIT followed by the pharyngeal cavity then vagina. In Follow-up visit samples we found no statistically significant occurrences of pathogenic taxa. Conclusion Our findings suggest that gepotidacin alteration of the human microbiome after 5 days of dosing is temporary and rebound to pre-dosing states is evident within the first month post-treatment. We recommend that future antibiotic drug trials include similar exploratory investigations into the duration and context of microbiome modification and recovery. Trial registration NCT03568942. Registered 26 June 2018.

Gut microbiome responses to dietary intake of grain-based fibers with the potential to modulate markers of metabolic disease: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina M Williams ◽  
Linda C Tapsell ◽  
Claire L O’Brien ◽  
Susan M Tosh ◽  
Eden M Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Cereal Fiber ◽  
Dietary Data

Abstract Context Cereal fiber modulates the gut microbiome and benefits metabolic health. The potential link between these effects is of interest.0 Objective The aim for this systematic review was to assess evidence surrounding the influence of cereal fiber intake on microbiome composition, microbiome diversity, short-chain fatty acid production, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Data Sources and Extraction The MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically, and quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Evidence relating to study design, dietary data collection, and outcomes was qualitatively synthesized on the basis of fiber type. Data Analysis Forty-six primary publications and 2 secondary analyses were included. Cereal fiber modulated the microbiome in most studies; however, taxonomic changes indicated high heterogeneity. Short-chain fatty acid production, microbiome diversity, and metabolic-related outcomes varied and did not always occur in parallel with microbiome changes. Poor dietary data were a further limitation. Conclusions Cereal fiber may modulate the gut microbiome; however, evidence of the link between this and metabolic outcomes is limited. Additional research is required with a focus on robust and consistent methodology. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018107117

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