Comparative analysis of beneficial effects of vancomycin treatment on Th1‐ and Th2‐biased mice and the role of gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ray ◽  
U. Pandey ◽  
P. Aich
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment ◽  
Th1 And Th2

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of beneficial effects of Vancomycin treatment on Th1- and Th2-biased mice and role of gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratikshya Ray ◽  
Uday Pandey ◽  
Palok Aich
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment ◽  
Significant Health

AbstractAimsVancomycin, an antibiotic, is used to treat infection of multi-drug resistant strains of Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus. Post-usage effects of vancomycin may lead to many unwanted effects including perturbation of gut microbiota. Perturbation of the gut microbiota, by Vancomycin, was used to understand the altered metabolic and innate immune profile of C57BL/6(Th1-biased) and BALB/c (Th2-biased) mice.Methods and ResultsFollowing treatment with vancomycin till day 4, we observed reduction in abundance of phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroides and increase in Proteobacteria in the gut for both strains of mice. Results further revealed a significant increase in the phylum Verrucomicrobia, from day 5 onwards following treatment with vancomycin led to decreased inflammation and increased rate of glucose tolerance in the host.ConclusionsContinued dosage of vancomycin was more beneficial in C57BL/6 than BALB/c miceSignificance and Impact of the studyThe current study established that initial doses of vancomycin increased pathogenic bacteria but the continued doses of vancomycin provided significant health-related benefits to the host by decreasing pathogenic load and by increasing beneficial microbes of Verrucomicrobia phylum (A. muciniphila) more in C57BL/6 (Th-1) than BALB/c (Th-2) mice.

scholarly journals Could the beneficial effects of dietary calcium on obesity and diabetes control be mediated by changes in intestinal microbiota and integrity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Gomes ◽  
J. A. Costa ◽  
R. C. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvidence from animal and human studies has associated gut microbiota, increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced intestinal integrity (II) with the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of Ca may favour body weight reduction and glycaemic control, but its influence on II and gut microbiota is not well understood. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the role of Ca on the pathophysiology of these diseases, this review critically discusses possible mechanisms by which high-Ca diets could affect gut microbiota and II. Published studies from 1993 to 2015 about this topic were searched and selected from Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases. High-Ca diets seem to favour the growth of lactobacilli, maintain II (especially in the colon), reduce translocation of LPS and regulate tight-junction gene expression. We conclude that dietary Ca might interfere with gut microbiota and II modulations and it can partly explain the effect of Ca on obesity and T2DM control. However, further research is required to define the supplementation period, the dose and the type of Ca supplement (milk or salt) required for more effective results. As Ca interacts with other components of the diet, these interactions must also be considered in future studies. We believe that more complex mechanisms involving extraintestinal disorders (hormones, cytokines and other biomarkers) also need to be studied.

scholarly journals Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (S2) ◽  
pp. S1-S63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Roberfroid ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson ◽  
Lesley Hoyles ◽  
Anne L. McCartney ◽  
Robert Rastall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are inhabited by populations of micro-organisms. By far the most important predominant populations are in the colon where a true symbiosis with the host exists that is a key for well-being and health. For such a microbiota, ‘normobiosis’ characterises a composition of the gut ‘ecosystem’ in which micro-organisms with potential health benefits predominate in number over potentially harmful ones, in contrast to ‘dysbiosis’, in which one or a few potentially harmful micro-organisms are dominant, thus creating a disease-prone situation. The present document has been written by a group of both academic and industry experts (in the ILSI Europe Prebiotic Expert Group and Prebiotic Task Force, respectively). It does not aim to propose a new definition of a prebiotic nor to identify which food products are classified as prebiotic but rather to validate and expand the original idea of the prebiotic concept (that can be translated in ‘prebiotic effects’), defined as: ‘The selective stimulation of growth and/or activity(ies) of one or a limited number of microbial genus(era)/species in the gut microbiota that confer(s) health benefits to the host.’ Thanks to the methodological and fundamental research of microbiologists, immense progress has very recently been made in our understanding of the gut microbiota. A large number of human intervention studies have been performed that have demonstrated that dietary consumption of certain food products can result in statistically significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in line with the prebiotic concept. Thus the prebiotic effect is now a well-established scientific fact. The more data are accumulating, the more it will be recognised that such changes in the microbiota's composition, especially increase in bifidobacteria, can be regarded as a marker of intestinal health. The review is divided in chapters that cover the major areas of nutrition research where a prebiotic effect has tentatively been investigated for potential health benefits. The prebiotic effect has been shown to associate with modulation of biomarkers and activity(ies) of the immune system. Confirming the studies in adults, it has been demonstrated that, in infant nutrition, the prebiotic effect includes a significant change of gut microbiota composition, especially an increase of faecal concentrations of bifidobacteria. This concomitantly improves stool quality (pH, SCFA, frequency and consistency), reduces the risk of gastroenteritis and infections, improves general well-being and reduces the incidence of allergic symptoms such as atopic eczema. Changes in the gut microbiota composition are classically considered as one of the many factors involved in the pathogenesis of either inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. The use of particular food products with a prebiotic effect has thus been tested in clinical trials with the objective to improve the clinical activity and well-being of patients with such disorders. Promising beneficial effects have been demonstrated in some preliminary studies, including changes in gut microbiota composition (especially increase in bifidobacteria concentration). Often associated with toxic load and/or miscellaneous risk factors, colon cancer is another pathology for which a possible role of gut microbiota composition has been hypothesised. Numerous experimental studies have reported reduction in incidence of tumours and cancers after feeding specific food products with a prebiotic effect. Some of these studies (including one human trial) have also reported that, in such conditions, gut microbiota composition was modified (especially due to increased concentration of bifidobacteria). Dietary intake of particular food products with a prebiotic effect has been shown, especially in adolescents, but also tentatively in postmenopausal women, to increase Ca absorption as well as bone Ca accretion and bone mineral density. Recent data, both from experimental models and from human studies, support the beneficial effects of particular food products with prebiotic properties on energy homaeostasis, satiety regulation and body weight gain. Together, with data in obese animals and patients, these studies support the hypothesis that gut microbiota composition (especially the number of bifidobacteria) may contribute to modulate metabolic processes associated with syndrome X, especially obesity and diabetes type 2. It is plausible, even though not exclusive, that these effects are linked to the microbiota-induced changes and it is feasible to conclude that their mechanisms fit into the prebiotic effect. However, the role of such changes in these health benefits remains to be definitively proven. As a result of the research activity that followed the publication of the prebiotic concept 15 years ago, it has become clear that products that cause a selective modification in the gut microbiota's composition and/or activity(ies) and thus strengthens normobiosis could either induce beneficial physiological effects in the colon and also in extra-intestinal compartments or contribute towards reducing the risk of dysbiosis and associated intestinal and systemic pathologies.

scholarly journals The role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Gut Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 3818-3825
Author(s):  
Siyu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
System Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Excessive Consumption

In recent years, nutritionists and microbiologists have paid more attention to the utilization of dietary supplementation produced by natural food resources, to improve the immune system function of the human and animals. People are more willing to obtain nature supplementations due to the growing awareness of food safety, and the side effects of excessive consumption of manufactured supplements. Fermented food are introduced to provide beneficial effects on health because of the characteristics of LAB, which are temporary integrative microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. And they could not only balance the micro-ecosystem of the host by secreting microbiome, but also enhance the beneficial properties of autonomous microorganisms. This review aims to discuss the of LAB yogurt to the gut microbiota based on recent research.

Whole Food–Based Approaches to Modulating Gut Microbiota and Associated Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Han ◽  
Hang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Whole Foods

Intake of whole foods, such as fruits and vegetables, may confer health benefits to the host. The beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables were mainly attributed to their richness in polyphenols and microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). Components in fruits and vegetables modulate composition and associated functions of the gut microbiota, whereas gut microbiota can transform components in fruits and vegetables to produce metabolites that are bioactive and important for health. The progression of multiple diseases, such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, is associated with diet and gut microbiota. Although the exact causality between these diseases and specific members of gut microbiota has not been well characterized, accumulating evidence supported the role of fruits and vegetables in modulating gut microbiota and decreasing the risks of microbiota-associated diseases. This review summarizes the latest findings on the effects of whole fruits and vegetables on gut microbiota and associated diseases.

scholarly journals Overview of Beneficial Effects of (Poly)phenol Metabolites in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Model Organisms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2940
Author(s):  
Diogo Carregosa ◽  
Sara Mota ◽  
Sofia Ferreira ◽  
Beatriz Alves-Dias ◽  
Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Critical Insight

The rise of neurodegenerative diseases in an aging population is an increasing problem of health, social and economic consequences. Epidemiological and intervention studies have demonstrated that diets rich in (poly)phenols can have potent health benefits on cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, the role of gut microbiota is ever more evident in modulating the catabolism of (poly)phenols to dozens of low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites that have been identified in plasma and urine. These metabolites can reach circulation in higher concentrations than parent (poly)phenols and persist for longer periods of time. However, studies addressing their potential brain effects are still lacking. In this review, we will discuss different model organisms that have been used to study how low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites affect neuronal related mechanisms gathering critical insight on their potential to tackle the major hallmarks of neurodegeneration.

The Mediterranean Diets’ effect on Gut Microbial Composition in comparison with the Western Diet: A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis-Nektarios Elmaliklis ◽  
Spyridon Konteles ◽  
Antonios E. Koutelidakis
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence

Background: In recent years, the scientific interest about the possible role of dietary attitudes on gut microbiota modulation has been increasing. Objective: The present literature review aimed to analyze the effect of Mediterranean diet adoption on gut microbial composition, in comparison with the Western diet. Method: From an initial number of 38, 21 recent studies were selected using comprehensive scientific databases and relative keywords, such as microbial composition, dietary attitudes, and beneficial effects. The selected studies were recently published based on animal models, human interventional trials, metanalyses and gut microbiome analysis, such as metagenomics. Results: According to the basic findings of the present review study, Mediterranean diet adherence leads to a gut microbial richness and richer diversity as well as a higher abundance of genera Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Oscillospira, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium species, that stimulate the production of total short-chain fatty acids. This diet also leads to a lower Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio due to the increase of Bacteroidetes and decrease of Firmicutes, accompanied by a decrease of circulating Trimethylamine N oxide levels and a reduction in abundance of Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, Proteobacteria and Coprococcus, in comparison to the Western diet. Conclusion: Further understanding of the multifactorial effect of both Mediterranean and Western diet on gut microbiota could allow the establishment of nutritional educational programs and nutritional policies with aim to improve human health by modulating gut microbial composition.

scholarly journals The role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Gut Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03075
Author(s):  
Siyu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
System Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Excessive Consumption

In recent years, nutritionists and microbiologists have paid more attention to the utilization of dietary supplementation produced by natural food resources, to improve the immune system function of the human and animals. People are more willing to obtain nature supplementations due to the growing awareness of food safety, and the side effects of excessive consumption of manufactured supplements. Fermented food are introduced to provide beneficial effects on health because of the characteristics of LAB, which are temporary integrative microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. And they could not only balance the micro-ecosystem of the host by secreting microbiome, but also enhance the beneficial properties of autonomous microorganisms. This review aims to discuss the of LAB yogurt to the gut microbiota based on recent research.

scholarly journals Flaxseed Powder Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism through Gut–Liver Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10858
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Dengfeng Xu ◽  
Da Pan ◽  
Hui Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Doses

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is gradually becoming one of the most common and health-endangering diseases; therefore, it is very important to prevent the occurrence of NASH and prevent simple non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) from further developing into NASH. We fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for 14 weeks to induce NAFL and then fed different doses of flaxseed powder (low (10%), middle (20%), and high (30%)) to the mice for 28 weeks. After the animal experiment, we analyzed fecal bile acid (BA) profiles of the HFD mice, flaxseed-fed (FLA-fed) mice, and control mice with a normal diet (10% fat) using a targeted metabolomics approach, and we analyzed the gut microbiota at the same time. We also investigated the mechanistic role of BAs in NASH and identified whether the altered BAs strongly bind to colonic FXR or TGR5. In the present study, we found that 28-week FLA treatment notably alleviated NASH development in NAFL model mice fed with an HFD, and the beneficial effects may be attributed to the regulation of and improvement in the gut flora- and microbiota-related BAs, which then activate the intestinal FXR-FGF15 and TGR5-NF-κB pathways. Our data indicate that FLA might be a promising functional food for preventing NASH through regulating microbiomes and BAs.

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